<p>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of cancer development and progression by modulating enzymatic reactions involved in cellular metabolism and protein modifications. These noncoding transcripts exert their roles through molecular interactions with target proteins. Here we explore the diverse mechanisms through which lncRNAs optimize enzymatic reactions in metabolic processes and protein modifications, both of which are fundamental to the growth, adaptation, and survival of cancer cells. These processes, often dysregulated during cancer progression, are modulated by lncRNAs through direct interactions with specific proteins, underscoring their critical role in oncogenesis. Key research findings are summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of lncRNAs in modulating these cellular processes. This Review offers an in-depth overview of the complex regulatory networks through which lncRNAs influence cancer pathogenesis and provides essential insights for the development of future therapeutic strategies.</p>