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<p>Fruit wastes are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential novel applications as functional ingredients for the aquafeed industry. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of orange peel extract (OPE) and pineapple peel extract (PPE) on growth, intestinal histomorphometry, stress and immunological indices of African catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>). Water-soluble compounds were extracted from orange peel and pineapple peel using the maceration technique and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Afterwards, five diets were formulated to include control (Basal diet (BD) without OPE/PPE); OPE-1.0 (BD + 1&#xa0;g/kg OPE); OPE-2.0 (BD + 2&#xa0;g/kg OPE); PPE-1.0 (BD + 1&#xa0;g/kg PPE) and PPE-2.0 (BD + 2&#xa0;g/kg PPE). A total of 180 African catfish juveniles (24.11 ± 0.02&#xa0;g/fish) were divided into five groups (three replicates per group) and fed an assigned experimental diet for 42&#xa0;days. African catfish fed OPE or PPE diets had higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and better feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios than the control (p &lt; 0.05). Intestinal morphometrics revealed that the villi, cryptal height and width, and smooth muscle thickness significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) in fish fed either OPE or PPE diets. Serum cortisol and glucose were significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) in fish fed OPE and PPE diets. Serum protein and immunoglobulin levels were higher in OPE and PPE dietary groups. Therefore, these findings suggest that OPE and PPE generated from fruit-processing wastes could improve the growth and health status of African catfish, thereby, provides the basis for their application as functional ingredients in fish feed.</p>

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Assessment of fruit-processing waste extracts as functional feed additives in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) diet: effects on growth performance and health indicators

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Uzeme Precious Aluta,
  • Olubusayo F. Semire,
  • Oluwashewasayemi D. Odugbesan,
  • Onyeka J. Eziegbo,
  • Kunle S. Ayandele

摘要

Fruit wastes are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential novel applications as functional ingredients for the aquafeed industry. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of orange peel extract (OPE) and pineapple peel extract (PPE) on growth, intestinal histomorphometry, stress and immunological indices of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Water-soluble compounds were extracted from orange peel and pineapple peel using the maceration technique and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Afterwards, five diets were formulated to include control (Basal diet (BD) without OPE/PPE); OPE-1.0 (BD + 1 g/kg OPE); OPE-2.0 (BD + 2 g/kg OPE); PPE-1.0 (BD + 1 g/kg PPE) and PPE-2.0 (BD + 2 g/kg PPE). A total of 180 African catfish juveniles (24.11 ± 0.02 g/fish) were divided into five groups (three replicates per group) and fed an assigned experimental diet for 42 days. African catfish fed OPE or PPE diets had higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and better feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios than the control (p < 0.05). Intestinal morphometrics revealed that the villi, cryptal height and width, and smooth muscle thickness significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed either OPE or PPE diets. Serum cortisol and glucose were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in fish fed OPE and PPE diets. Serum protein and immunoglobulin levels were higher in OPE and PPE dietary groups. Therefore, these findings suggest that OPE and PPE generated from fruit-processing wastes could improve the growth and health status of African catfish, thereby, provides the basis for their application as functional ingredients in fish feed.