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<p>Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are promising low-cost, sustainable alternatives to lithium-ion technology. Their development and adoption are limited, in part, by the lack of cathodes that deliver high energy density, fast kinetics, long cycle life, and reliable performance at non-ambient conditions. Here we report the use of bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), a conductive and insoluble organic solid, as a high-performance metal-free cathode for PIBs. TAQ reaches a high capacity of 289 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> and good rate capability supported by efficient K<sup>+</sup> diffusion. TAQ cells with hard carbon (HC) anodes exhibit excellent durability, retaining more than 90% of their maximum capacity after 900 cycles. Even at −20&#xa0;°C, TAQ exhibits a capacity of 298 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> at 0.05 A g<sup>–1</sup>, with 96% capacity retention after ~1000 cycles, demonstrating structural and kinetic stability under sub-zero conditions. TAQ||HC cells achieve high energy densities of 448 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup><sub>electrode</sub> and 350 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup><sub>electrode</sub> at −20&#xa0;°C and −35&#xa0;°C, respectively, surpassing all known organic and inorganic PIB systems. These results establish TAQ as a benchmark cathode for next-generation potassium-ion batteries.</p>

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A metal-free cathode for high-performance potassium-ion batteries under ambient and sub-zero temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Bowen Tan,
  • Tianyang Chen,
  • Jiande Wang,
  • Mircea Dincă

摘要

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are promising low-cost, sustainable alternatives to lithium-ion technology. Their development and adoption are limited, in part, by the lack of cathodes that deliver high energy density, fast kinetics, long cycle life, and reliable performance at non-ambient conditions. Here we report the use of bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), a conductive and insoluble organic solid, as a high-performance metal-free cathode for PIBs. TAQ reaches a high capacity of 289 mAh g–1 and good rate capability supported by efficient K+ diffusion. TAQ cells with hard carbon (HC) anodes exhibit excellent durability, retaining more than 90% of their maximum capacity after 900 cycles. Even at −20 °C, TAQ exhibits a capacity of 298 mAh g–1 at 0.05 A g–1, with 96% capacity retention after ~1000 cycles, demonstrating structural and kinetic stability under sub-zero conditions. TAQ||HC cells achieve high energy densities of 448 Wh kg−1electrode and 350 Wh kg−1electrode at −20 °C and −35 °C, respectively, surpassing all known organic and inorganic PIB systems. These results establish TAQ as a benchmark cathode for next-generation potassium-ion batteries.