<p>The global physical economy—the system of material, energy and emission flows from extraction to final use—has not been tabulated and visualized, but such a visual can guide improved resource efficiency, inform limits on alternative energy scale up and coordinate system-wide emissions reductions. We develop a structure and conventions to integrate dispersed data to visualize the dominant (&gt; 50Mt/yr) global material, energy and emission flows from extraction to end-use through a Sankey diagram. This provides a quantitative map to comprehend scale and connections for resources and sectors typically studied in isolation—making clear, for example, that the annual mass of CO₂ emissions in 2019 were greater than all solid material produced globally. Fossil fuels are not only the primary source of emissions, but also constitute some of the largest mineral flows (&gt; 15Gt/yr, greater than all metallic minerals combined). This structure can be used to explore the resource implications of scaling up low-carbon electricity generation and biomass feedstocks. The transition from fossil fuels to a solar and wind-dominant energy system can reduce the throughput of minerals and energy for the energy system. Demand for biomass may increase by 1.5-2X to 2050, requiring coordination to ensure its best use. The Sankey diagrams presented here provide a coherent understanding of the current physical flows underpinning economic activity and support collective visioning for using resources to provide final goods and services with greater efficacy.</p>