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<p><i>Tectona grandis</i> (teak)&#xa0;is propagated from seeds; however, germination is poor due to the hard seed coat. Seed and micropropagation are not always economical, but propagation from rootstock cuttings (stumps) is economical and feasible. Therefore, in this study, one-year-old teak seedlings were selected and harvested for stump preparation. Root portions (7&#xa0;cm) and shoot portions (2.5&#xa0;cm) of 1&#xa0;cm girth were cut from the seedlings and these stumps were directly transplanted into the poly bags 10&#xa0;x 20&#xa0;cm filled with red soil. After one month, these stumps were inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as <i>Azospirillum melinis</i> (nitrogen fixer<i>), Azotobacter chroococcum</i> (nitrogen fixer), <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> (phosphate solubiliser) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (<i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> and <i>Glomus sinuosum</i>)<i>,</i> individually and in combinations. The stumps inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi were irrigated for three months, after which they were analysed for growth, biomass, and tissue nutrient levels. It was found that the teak stumps inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi exhibited improved growth and biomass compared to the control stumps. Multiple inoculations showed improved growth. Similarly, the dual inoculations of <i>Azospirillum melinis</i> and <i>Azotobacter chroococcum</i> also significantly increased the growth and biomass on par with multiple inoculations. Tissue nutrient contents (N, P and K) were also found to be higher in plants inoculated with multiple PGPR. Later, these improved teak stumps were transplanted into forest lands at Konni (Keralam, India) and showed good growth and survival under field conditions.</p>

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria promote Tectona grandis root shoot cuttings used in reforestation of clear-felled forest in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Karthikeyan Arumugam,
  • Jini Viju Pamboor Chacko,
  • Mahalingam Lingam,
  • Shyama Parameswaran Nair

摘要

Tectona grandis (teak) is propagated from seeds; however, germination is poor due to the hard seed coat. Seed and micropropagation are not always economical, but propagation from rootstock cuttings (stumps) is economical and feasible. Therefore, in this study, one-year-old teak seedlings were selected and harvested for stump preparation. Root portions (7 cm) and shoot portions (2.5 cm) of 1 cm girth were cut from the seedlings and these stumps were directly transplanted into the poly bags 10 x 20 cm filled with red soil. After one month, these stumps were inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Azospirillum melinis (nitrogen fixer), Azotobacter chroococcum (nitrogen fixer), Bacillus licheniformis (phosphate solubiliser) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus sinuosum), individually and in combinations. The stumps inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi were irrigated for three months, after which they were analysed for growth, biomass, and tissue nutrient levels. It was found that the teak stumps inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi exhibited improved growth and biomass compared to the control stumps. Multiple inoculations showed improved growth. Similarly, the dual inoculations of Azospirillum melinis and Azotobacter chroococcum also significantly increased the growth and biomass on par with multiple inoculations. Tissue nutrient contents (N, P and K) were also found to be higher in plants inoculated with multiple PGPR. Later, these improved teak stumps were transplanted into forest lands at Konni (Keralam, India) and showed good growth and survival under field conditions.