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<p>Climate change is an existential threat that has far-reaching consequences, influencing the existence of living organisms and human well-being. One of the many consequences of climate change is its impact on medicinal plants, which are scarce sources of bioactive compounds that are highly sought after in both traditional and advanced medicine. <i>Syzygium cumini</i>, a tropical fruit with important nutritional and therapeutic qualities. In the current study, efforts have been made to evaluate the jamun fruit’s its morphological characteristics, phytochemical profile, physicochemical composition, and biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Results showed that jamun fruit had an ovoid or spherical form and was a dark purple in colour. The initial analysis of fruits showed: pH ranged from 3.31—3.95, titratable acidity 1.3%—2.49%, moisture 61,00%—80.00%, ash 1%—1.2%, brix 18,5—24.5°, total 3.60 mg/100g—5.97 mg/100g, conductivity 105 μs/cm—118 μs/cm, Vitamin C 23,9mg/100g- 21,7 mg/100g, pectin 3.00%—4.2%, fiber 8.5%—13%, protein and fat content ranged from 1.22% to 1.75% and 0.6% to 3.15% respectively. Total soluble solids, pH, and total sugars increased with the storage of jamun fruits, but acidity, total phenolic, flavonoid and tannis contents declined. The fatty acid components of the <i>syzyguim cumini</i> were caprylic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. High-performance liquid chromatography examination revealed the existence of three main phenolic compounds present were tannic acid, gallic acid and quercetin with respective retention time of tannic acid (1,112, 0,985, 0,841 min), gallic acid (1,45, 1,289 min) and quercetin (1,986, 1,289, 2,013&#xa0;min). The Total phenolic, flavonoid and Total Tannins were ranged from 6.34 mg GAE/g—7,67 mg GAE/g, 11,94(mg EC/)—12,89 (mg EC/) and 3,37 mg EQ/g—5.83 mg EQ/g respectively. the Sc2023 exhibiting the highest TPC, TFC and tannis among all analyzed samples. The anti-inflammatory activity of Sc2021 was the greatest among all samples at both concentrations (40.05% at 50&#xa0;µg/mL and 94.77% at 25&#xa0;µg/mL). Overall, the extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, followed by <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and then <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. These results demonstrate <i>Syzygium cumini's</i> potential as a useful functional food and stress how harvest year fluctuations affect the plant's stability and bioactive potential. </p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Bioactive compounds and biological activities of jamun (Syzygium cumini) fruits across three harvest years (2021–2023)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Sarra Lehaçani,
  • Tayeb Idoui,
  • Sarra Bechtella,
  • Sana Britah,
  • Hafsauoi Rahma,
  • Boudjedjou Bouchra,
  • Khiter Chafia,
  • Sellamna Lamia

摘要

Climate change is an existential threat that has far-reaching consequences, influencing the existence of living organisms and human well-being. One of the many consequences of climate change is its impact on medicinal plants, which are scarce sources of bioactive compounds that are highly sought after in both traditional and advanced medicine. Syzygium cumini, a tropical fruit with important nutritional and therapeutic qualities. In the current study, efforts have been made to evaluate the jamun fruit’s its morphological characteristics, phytochemical profile, physicochemical composition, and biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Results showed that jamun fruit had an ovoid or spherical form and was a dark purple in colour. The initial analysis of fruits showed: pH ranged from 3.31—3.95, titratable acidity 1.3%—2.49%, moisture 61,00%—80.00%, ash 1%—1.2%, brix 18,5—24.5°, total 3.60 mg/100g—5.97 mg/100g, conductivity 105 μs/cm—118 μs/cm, Vitamin C 23,9mg/100g- 21,7 mg/100g, pectin 3.00%—4.2%, fiber 8.5%—13%, protein and fat content ranged from 1.22% to 1.75% and 0.6% to 3.15% respectively. Total soluble solids, pH, and total sugars increased with the storage of jamun fruits, but acidity, total phenolic, flavonoid and tannis contents declined. The fatty acid components of the syzyguim cumini were caprylic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. High-performance liquid chromatography examination revealed the existence of three main phenolic compounds present were tannic acid, gallic acid and quercetin with respective retention time of tannic acid (1,112, 0,985, 0,841 min), gallic acid (1,45, 1,289 min) and quercetin (1,986, 1,289, 2,013 min). The Total phenolic, flavonoid and Total Tannins were ranged from 6.34 mg GAE/g—7,67 mg GAE/g, 11,94(mg EC/)—12,89 (mg EC/) and 3,37 mg EQ/g—5.83 mg EQ/g respectively. the Sc2023 exhibiting the highest TPC, TFC and tannis among all analyzed samples. The anti-inflammatory activity of Sc2021 was the greatest among all samples at both concentrations (40.05% at 50 µg/mL and 94.77% at 25 µg/mL). Overall, the extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Escherichia coli, and then Staphylococcus aureus. These results demonstrate Syzygium cumini's potential as a useful functional food and stress how harvest year fluctuations affect the plant's stability and bioactive potential.

Graphical abstract