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<p>This study investigated the individual and combined effects of laser irradiation and foliar application of growth regulators on genomic variation and metabolic modulation in <i>Nigella sativa</i> Seeds were exposed to laser irradiation for 25 and 50&#xa0;min, while plants received BA 0 and 25&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup> and methionine 0, 100, and 200&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>, applied individually and in interaction combinations under field conditions. Genomic responses were evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR-PCR) markers, whereas biochemical alterations in fixed seed oil were assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was further employed as a confirmatory approach for the most genetically divergent treatment. ISSR analysis revealed pronounced treatment-induced genomic variation characterized by high polymorphism levels, unique band formation, and marked shifts in genetic similarity among treatments. The greatest genomic divergence was observed under the triple interaction treatment consisting of laser irradiation for 50&#xa0;min. combined with BA 25&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup> and methionine 200&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>. FT-IR analysis demonstrated preservation of the fundamental triglyceride structure of the oil across treatments, accompanied by relative modulation of unsaturation-related functional groups (C = C and = C–H), indicating quantitative rather than structural biochemical variation. GC–MS profiling confirmed the predominance of unsaturated fatty acid derivatives, supporting spectroscopic observations of treatment-associated metabolic modulation. Collectively, the integration of molecular and spectroscopic approaches demonstrates that laser seed priming combined with growth regulator application induces coordinated genomic and metabolic responses without compromising oil integrity, highlighting its potential relevance for crop improvement and breeding programs.</p>

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Integrated ISSR and FT-IR profiling reveals genomic and metabolic modulation induced by seed laser irradiation and growth regulators in black seed, Nigella sativa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Maab M. O. Mohammed,
  • Arqam Al-Omari,
  • Ammar Omar ALatrakchii

摘要

This study investigated the individual and combined effects of laser irradiation and foliar application of growth regulators on genomic variation and metabolic modulation in Nigella sativa Seeds were exposed to laser irradiation for 25 and 50 min, while plants received BA 0 and 25 mg L⁻1 and methionine 0, 100, and 200 mg L⁻1, applied individually and in interaction combinations under field conditions. Genomic responses were evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR-PCR) markers, whereas biochemical alterations in fixed seed oil were assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was further employed as a confirmatory approach for the most genetically divergent treatment. ISSR analysis revealed pronounced treatment-induced genomic variation characterized by high polymorphism levels, unique band formation, and marked shifts in genetic similarity among treatments. The greatest genomic divergence was observed under the triple interaction treatment consisting of laser irradiation for 50 min. combined with BA 25 mg L⁻1 and methionine 200 mg L⁻1. FT-IR analysis demonstrated preservation of the fundamental triglyceride structure of the oil across treatments, accompanied by relative modulation of unsaturation-related functional groups (C = C and = C–H), indicating quantitative rather than structural biochemical variation. GC–MS profiling confirmed the predominance of unsaturated fatty acid derivatives, supporting spectroscopic observations of treatment-associated metabolic modulation. Collectively, the integration of molecular and spectroscopic approaches demonstrates that laser seed priming combined with growth regulator application induces coordinated genomic and metabolic responses without compromising oil integrity, highlighting its potential relevance for crop improvement and breeding programs.