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<p>Endophytic fungi from stress-adapted plants hold promise for enhancing crop resilience. Four fungal taxa— <i>Periconia igniaria</i>, <i>Curvularia beasleyi</i>, <i>Trichoderma afroharzianum</i> and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>—isolated from reed (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) were evaluated for their potential to mitigate salinity and drought stress in four barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) cultivars: Mahtab (drought-sensitive), Goharan (drought-tolerant), Rayhan (salt-sensitive), and Tabas (salt-tolerant). Seeds were inoculated with each isolate and exposed to salinity (100&#xa0;mM NaCl) or simulated drought (10% polyethylene glycol-6000), with uninoculated controls included. Seedling traits (germination percentage, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and vigor indices) were assessed at 2, 4 and 6&#xa0;days post-inoculation. Three-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of cultivar and stress, with salinity and drought reducing germination by approximately 28%, while fungal inoculation did not directly influence germination. In contrast, multivariate analyses showed significant growth promotion by fungal isolates, with <i>C. beasleyi</i> outperforming others by increasing root length (mean + 0.97&#xa0;cm) and shoot length (mean + 5.31&#xa0;cm) relative to controls by day 6. Rayhan displayed the highest vigor indices under salinity and drought stresses, particularly with <i>C. beasleyi</i>, which enhanced biomass and root-to-shoot ratios through optimized isolate–cultivar interactions. Other isolates, notably <i>T. afroharzianum</i>, also improved growth but to a lesser extent. These findings highlight the potential of <i>Phragmites</i>-derived endophytes as bioinoculants, offering a sustainable strategy to strengthen barley resilience in saline and arid environments.</p>

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Endophytic fungi enhance barley seedling growth under salinity and drought stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Elaheh Taghian,
  • Mohammad Reza Bihamta,
  • Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah,
  • Mansoor Omidi

摘要

Endophytic fungi from stress-adapted plants hold promise for enhancing crop resilience. Four fungal taxa— Periconia igniaria, Curvularia beasleyi, Trichoderma afroharzianum and Aspergillus flavus—isolated from reed (Phragmites australis) were evaluated for their potential to mitigate salinity and drought stress in four barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars: Mahtab (drought-sensitive), Goharan (drought-tolerant), Rayhan (salt-sensitive), and Tabas (salt-tolerant). Seeds were inoculated with each isolate and exposed to salinity (100 mM NaCl) or simulated drought (10% polyethylene glycol-6000), with uninoculated controls included. Seedling traits (germination percentage, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and vigor indices) were assessed at 2, 4 and 6 days post-inoculation. Three-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of cultivar and stress, with salinity and drought reducing germination by approximately 28%, while fungal inoculation did not directly influence germination. In contrast, multivariate analyses showed significant growth promotion by fungal isolates, with C. beasleyi outperforming others by increasing root length (mean + 0.97 cm) and shoot length (mean + 5.31 cm) relative to controls by day 6. Rayhan displayed the highest vigor indices under salinity and drought stresses, particularly with C. beasleyi, which enhanced biomass and root-to-shoot ratios through optimized isolate–cultivar interactions. Other isolates, notably T. afroharzianum, also improved growth but to a lesser extent. These findings highlight the potential of Phragmites-derived endophytes as bioinoculants, offering a sustainable strategy to strengthen barley resilience in saline and arid environments.