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<p>Apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>) is a major fruit crop worldwide, whose productivity depends on adequate winter chilling and favorable environmental conditions. Climate change, notably warmer winters, threatens vegetative growth and yield, necessitating the identification of cultivars with improved thermal tolerance. We evaluated morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of fourteen apple cultivars grown under two Moroccan sites differing in winter temperature. We measured vegetative traits, stomatal characteristics, and stress-related biochemical markers (proline, cuticular wax, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity) and applied multivariate analyses to identify traits associated with tolerance. Mild winter conditions significantly reduced shoot length, leaf area, and leaf density, while increasing proline accumulation, cuticular wax deposition and antioxidant activity. Stomatal traits and phenolic content were major determinants of cultivar-specific responses. Principal component analysis identified «PO52», «PO54» and «Jeromine» as the most tolerant cultivars and «Gala Royal» and «Renderse» as the most sensitive. These results reveal substantial inter-cultivar variability in coping with warmer winters and provide targets for breeding and selection to sustain apple production under climate change.</p>

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Morpho-physiological and biochemical features in different apple (Malus domestica) cultivars under contrasted environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Hassane Boudad,
  • Abdelmajid Haddioui,
  • Atman Adiba,
  • Kaoutar El Fazazi,
  • Rachid Mentag,
  • Laila Ouardi,
  • Kamal El Fallah,
  • Imane Ezhari,
  • Jamal Charafi

摘要

Apple (Malus domestica) is a major fruit crop worldwide, whose productivity depends on adequate winter chilling and favorable environmental conditions. Climate change, notably warmer winters, threatens vegetative growth and yield, necessitating the identification of cultivars with improved thermal tolerance. We evaluated morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of fourteen apple cultivars grown under two Moroccan sites differing in winter temperature. We measured vegetative traits, stomatal characteristics, and stress-related biochemical markers (proline, cuticular wax, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity) and applied multivariate analyses to identify traits associated with tolerance. Mild winter conditions significantly reduced shoot length, leaf area, and leaf density, while increasing proline accumulation, cuticular wax deposition and antioxidant activity. Stomatal traits and phenolic content were major determinants of cultivar-specific responses. Principal component analysis identified «PO52», «PO54» and «Jeromine» as the most tolerant cultivars and «Gala Royal» and «Renderse» as the most sensitive. These results reveal substantial inter-cultivar variability in coping with warmer winters and provide targets for breeding and selection to sustain apple production under climate change.