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<p>This study elucidates the chemical profile and allelopathic potential of essential oil extracted from <i>Chenopodium botrys</i> with a focus on its inhibitory effects against selected narrow and broadleaf weed species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified 63 constituents, accounting for 96.21% of the total oil composition. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the dominant chemical class (53.21%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (15.61%). The principal compounds included o-Menth-8-ene-4-methanol (19.10%), germacrene-D-4-ol (11.59%), τ-muurolol (11.54%), 10-epi-elemol (11.32%), and α-cadinol (9.62%). Allelopathic bioassays were conducted using a range of essential oil concentrations (0.01–0.2&#xa0;mg/mL) to evaluate their phytotoxic effects on the germination and early seedling growth of <i>Setaria viridis</i>, <i>Lolium perenne</i>, and <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>. The essential oil exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on both root and shoot elongation in all test species. Root growth inhibition in <i>S. viridis</i> and <i>L. perenne</i> significantly decreased at concentrations ≥ 0.1&#xa0;mg/mL, whereas shoot growth in all three species was notably suppressed at the same threshold. The most promising results were complete inhibition of the germination of <i>A. retroflexus</i> seeds at 0.2&#xa0;mg/mL. These results showed that <i>C. botrys</i> essential oil may have potential applications as an environmentally friendly bioherbicide for broadleaf weed control in agriculture.</p>

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GC–MS-based profiling and phytotoxic bioassays of Chenopodium botrys essential oil: toward eco-friendly weed control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Yasir Arafat,
  • Caixia Han,
  • Asma Shah,
  • Kai Shi,
  • Nigora Kuchkarova,
  • Zokir Omonovich Toshmatov,
  • Muddaser Shah,
  • Hua Shao

摘要

This study elucidates the chemical profile and allelopathic potential of essential oil extracted from Chenopodium botrys with a focus on its inhibitory effects against selected narrow and broadleaf weed species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified 63 constituents, accounting for 96.21% of the total oil composition. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the dominant chemical class (53.21%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (15.61%). The principal compounds included o-Menth-8-ene-4-methanol (19.10%), germacrene-D-4-ol (11.59%), τ-muurolol (11.54%), 10-epi-elemol (11.32%), and α-cadinol (9.62%). Allelopathic bioassays were conducted using a range of essential oil concentrations (0.01–0.2 mg/mL) to evaluate their phytotoxic effects on the germination and early seedling growth of Setaria viridis, Lolium perenne, and Amaranthus retroflexus. The essential oil exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on both root and shoot elongation in all test species. Root growth inhibition in S. viridis and L. perenne significantly decreased at concentrations ≥ 0.1 mg/mL, whereas shoot growth in all three species was notably suppressed at the same threshold. The most promising results were complete inhibition of the germination of A. retroflexus seeds at 0.2 mg/mL. These results showed that C. botrys essential oil may have potential applications as an environmentally friendly bioherbicide for broadleaf weed control in agriculture.