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<p>The present study investigates the protective role of Nitric Oxide (NO) against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs)-induced toxicity in two major crop species: <i>Oryza sativa</i> (rice) and <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (wheat). Seedlings were treated with green-synthesized CuONPs (500&#xa0;μM), the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100&#xa0;μM), and the NO synthesis inhibitor N<sup>G</sup>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 500&#xa0;μM), individually and in combinations, for 7&#xa0;days. Exposure to CuONPs significantly reduced shoot and root fresh weights by 26% and 29% in <i>O. sativa</i> and by 24% and 31% in <i>T. aestivum</i>, respectively, along with a corresponding decrease in protein content by 26% and 29%. The addition of L-NAME further aggravated the toxicity, reducing shoot fresh weight by 38% and protein by 37% indicating the detrimental impact of NO depletion. Moreover, SNP application significantly improved the above indices primarily by elevating endogenous NO levels. Fluorescence microscopy and biochemical assays revealed that SNP treatment reduced cellular levels of superoxide radical (SOR), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione-<i>S</i>-transferase (GST). Comparative analysis indicated that rice exhibited greater tolerance to CuONP stress compared to wheat. Conclusively, NO treatment could be effective against NPs-induced phytotoxicity, supporting agricultural sustainability.</p>

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Unveiling nitric oxide-mediated defense mechanisms in wheat and rice seedlings against copper-oxide nanoparticle-induced growth inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester: a comparative study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Namira Arif,
  • Vaishali Yadav,
  • Anuradha Patel,
  • Imtiyaz Hussain,
  • Charu Kalra,
  • Vandana Sharma,
  • Devendra Kumar Chauhan

摘要

The present study investigates the protective role of Nitric Oxide (NO) against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs)-induced toxicity in two major crop species: Oryza sativa (rice) and Triticum aestivum (wheat). Seedlings were treated with green-synthesized CuONPs (500 μM), the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 μM), and the NO synthesis inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 500 μM), individually and in combinations, for 7 days. Exposure to CuONPs significantly reduced shoot and root fresh weights by 26% and 29% in O. sativa and by 24% and 31% in T. aestivum, respectively, along with a corresponding decrease in protein content by 26% and 29%. The addition of L-NAME further aggravated the toxicity, reducing shoot fresh weight by 38% and protein by 37% indicating the detrimental impact of NO depletion. Moreover, SNP application significantly improved the above indices primarily by elevating endogenous NO levels. Fluorescence microscopy and biochemical assays revealed that SNP treatment reduced cellular levels of superoxide radical (SOR), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Comparative analysis indicated that rice exhibited greater tolerance to CuONP stress compared to wheat. Conclusively, NO treatment could be effective against NPs-induced phytotoxicity, supporting agricultural sustainability.