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<p><i>Veronica kurdica</i> s. l. has a wide but separated distribution in high alpine elevations of Alborz, Zagros and Kerman Mountains in Iran. According to the regional floras, it includes two morphologically and geographically well-recognized subspecies. <i>Veronica kurdica</i> subsp. <i>kurdica</i> with blue corollas is restricted to the Alborz, while <i>V. kurdica</i> subsp. <i>filicaulis</i> possess pink corollas and is distributed across the Zagros and Kerman Mountains. A recent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that <i>V. kurdica</i> subsp. <i>kurdica</i> is diphyletic, and <i>V. kurdica</i> subsp. <i>filicaulis</i> is para/polyphyletic in relation to the former subspecies. In the present study, we focused on morphological character variations of both subspecies in different populations and reconstructed an expanded phylogeny based on nrDNA ITS sequences. Based on the data obtained, a revised taxonomic treatment is provided here for <i>V. kurdica</i> s. l., in which four distinct monophyletic species are identified. According to this classification, <i>V. kurdica</i> s. s. is confined to the alpine zone of Central Alborz Mountains. Another blue-flowering species, <i>V. saeidii</i> is newly described from the mid-elevations of Southwestern Alborz Mountains. <i>Veronica filicaulis</i> and <i>V. kermanica</i> are both resurrected, corresponding to the pink-flowering populations of the Zagros Mountains and of the Kerman highlands, respectively. Despite the high overall morphological resemblance, these cryptic species are geographically separated and phylogenetically well supported. The most important diagnostic features are: leaf size, pedicel length, capsule, style and seed size, corolla color and corolla diameter. A diagnostic key to identification of <i>V. kurdica</i> species group and their relatives is provided.</p>

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Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of Veronica kurdica s. l. (Plantaginaceae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Moslem Doostmohammadi,
  • Firouzeh Bordbar,
  • Dirk C. Albach,
  • Mansour Mirtadzadini

摘要

Veronica kurdica s. l. has a wide but separated distribution in high alpine elevations of Alborz, Zagros and Kerman Mountains in Iran. According to the regional floras, it includes two morphologically and geographically well-recognized subspecies. Veronica kurdica subsp. kurdica with blue corollas is restricted to the Alborz, while V. kurdica subsp. filicaulis possess pink corollas and is distributed across the Zagros and Kerman Mountains. A recent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that V. kurdica subsp. kurdica is diphyletic, and V. kurdica subsp. filicaulis is para/polyphyletic in relation to the former subspecies. In the present study, we focused on morphological character variations of both subspecies in different populations and reconstructed an expanded phylogeny based on nrDNA ITS sequences. Based on the data obtained, a revised taxonomic treatment is provided here for V. kurdica s. l., in which four distinct monophyletic species are identified. According to this classification, V. kurdica s. s. is confined to the alpine zone of Central Alborz Mountains. Another blue-flowering species, V. saeidii is newly described from the mid-elevations of Southwestern Alborz Mountains. Veronica filicaulis and V. kermanica are both resurrected, corresponding to the pink-flowering populations of the Zagros Mountains and of the Kerman highlands, respectively. Despite the high overall morphological resemblance, these cryptic species are geographically separated and phylogenetically well supported. The most important diagnostic features are: leaf size, pedicel length, capsule, style and seed size, corolla color and corolla diameter. A diagnostic key to identification of V. kurdica species group and their relatives is provided.