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<p><i>Urochloa humidicola</i> (Rendle) Morrone &amp; Zuloaga (Poaceae) roots produce distinct phytotoxic compounds, which may affect the growth and development of other plants. Through morphological, anatomical, and physiological analyses, this study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of <i>U. humidicola</i> aqueous root extracts against target plant germination, initial growth, and photosynthetic efficiency. Seeds of <i>Allium cepa</i>, <i>Solanum lycopersicum,</i> and <i>Calopogonium mucunoides</i> were germinated in Petri dishes under different extract concentrations (125–2000&#xa0;ppm), using distilled water as a control. <i>U. humidicola</i> root extract delayed seed germination in all species and caused dose-dependent inhibition of <i>C. mucunoides</i> and <i>S. lycopersicum</i> root and shoot growth. Anatomical analysis indicated that the extract stimulated cell division and differentiation in <i>C. mucunoides</i> and <i>S. lycopersicum</i> roots, as reflected by greater root width. In <i>A. cepa</i>, root xylem vessel elements were either indistinct or presented a loss of xylem diarch structure. Changes in photosynthetic parameters Ф<sub><i>PSII</i></sub>, <i>ETR</i><sub><i>m</i></sub>, <i>α,</i> and <i>E</i><sub><i>k</i></sub> suggest extract stress acclimation by the target plants. These novel findings of anatomical and photosynthetic acclimation indicate phytotoxic activity of compounds in <i>U. humidicola</i> root extracts and support further studies in plant anatomy and physiology with possible modes of action for this invasive exotic species.</p>

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Phytotoxicity of Urochloa humidicola (Poaceae) root extract: a morphoanatomical and physiological approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Rodrigo Barbosa Braga Feitoza,
  • Maura Da Cunha,
  • Gabriela de Almeida Marcato,
  • Heitor Monteiro Duarte,
  • Helena Regina Pinto Lima

摘要

Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga (Poaceae) roots produce distinct phytotoxic compounds, which may affect the growth and development of other plants. Through morphological, anatomical, and physiological analyses, this study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of U. humidicola aqueous root extracts against target plant germination, initial growth, and photosynthetic efficiency. Seeds of Allium cepa, Solanum lycopersicum, and Calopogonium mucunoides were germinated in Petri dishes under different extract concentrations (125–2000 ppm), using distilled water as a control. U. humidicola root extract delayed seed germination in all species and caused dose-dependent inhibition of C. mucunoides and S. lycopersicum root and shoot growth. Anatomical analysis indicated that the extract stimulated cell division and differentiation in C. mucunoides and S. lycopersicum roots, as reflected by greater root width. In A. cepa, root xylem vessel elements were either indistinct or presented a loss of xylem diarch structure. Changes in photosynthetic parameters ФPSII, ETRm, α, and Ek suggest extract stress acclimation by the target plants. These novel findings of anatomical and photosynthetic acclimation indicate phytotoxic activity of compounds in U. humidicola root extracts and support further studies in plant anatomy and physiology with possible modes of action for this invasive exotic species.