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<p>Harnessing the immune system through PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy remains limited in most gastrointestinal tract cancers, spurring dedicated efforts to enhance immunotherapeutic outcomes for these malignancies. This review discusses pivotal clinical evidence to highlight recent advances, ongoing challenges, and strategic countermeasures regarding immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers. Key focus areas include immunotherapy-centric approaches for subtypes with strong endogenous antitumor immunity, chemo-immunotherapy combinations for gastroesophageal cancers showing intermediate immunotherapy sensitivity, and rationally designed combination strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance in poorly immunogenic and immunosuppressive phenotypes.</p>

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Optimizing immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers: clinical progress and perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Zi-Xian Wang,
  • Fan Chen,
  • Ming-Ming He,
  • Hao-Xiang Wu,
  • Zheng-Yu Qian,
  • Yi-Qian Pan,
  • Yan-Xing Chen,
  • Rui-Hua Xu

摘要

Harnessing the immune system through PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy remains limited in most gastrointestinal tract cancers, spurring dedicated efforts to enhance immunotherapeutic outcomes for these malignancies. This review discusses pivotal clinical evidence to highlight recent advances, ongoing challenges, and strategic countermeasures regarding immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers. Key focus areas include immunotherapy-centric approaches for subtypes with strong endogenous antitumor immunity, chemo-immunotherapy combinations for gastroesophageal cancers showing intermediate immunotherapy sensitivity, and rationally designed combination strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance in poorly immunogenic and immunosuppressive phenotypes.