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<p>Milk proteins are ideal sources of dietary protein, characterized by excellent nutritional properties and wide applications. With the growth of the global population and changes in consumer dietary habits, there is a continuous increase in demand for sustainable and ethically produced dairy alternatives. Synthetic biology, through the design and construction of microbial cell factories, promotes the efficient biosynthesis of milk proteins while driving the green development of the dairy industry. This review first discusses the composition and content of milk proteins in milk, providing a detailed comparison of bovine and human milk. It then covers the bioactive functions of different milk proteins and their applications in industries such as food and healthcare. Finally, past research and recent advancements in milk protein biosynthesis using microbial, plant, and animal cell systems are summarized, to provide a reference for future innovations and promote sustainable bioproduction.</p>

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Advances in the biosynthesis of milk proteins fueled by synthetic biology

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Zijun Wang,
  • Yaokang Wu,
  • Xueqin Lv,
  • Jianghua Li,
  • Long Liu,
  • Guocheng Du,
  • Jian Chen,
  • Yanfeng Liu

摘要

Milk proteins are ideal sources of dietary protein, characterized by excellent nutritional properties and wide applications. With the growth of the global population and changes in consumer dietary habits, there is a continuous increase in demand for sustainable and ethically produced dairy alternatives. Synthetic biology, through the design and construction of microbial cell factories, promotes the efficient biosynthesis of milk proteins while driving the green development of the dairy industry. This review first discusses the composition and content of milk proteins in milk, providing a detailed comparison of bovine and human milk. It then covers the bioactive functions of different milk proteins and their applications in industries such as food and healthcare. Finally, past research and recent advancements in milk protein biosynthesis using microbial, plant, and animal cell systems are summarized, to provide a reference for future innovations and promote sustainable bioproduction.