<p>The issue of plastic pollution has emerged as a significant challenge to the pursuit of global sustainable development. The promotion of the recycling of food plastic packaging, with a particular emphasis on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is a pivotal solution in the development of a green and low-carbon economy. However, the presence of hazardous substances during the recycling process has the potential to pose a threat to consumer health. In addressing this concern, the present study undertakes a systematic review of the extant research, addressing the challenges and trends in the assessment and management of risk substances, screening and excavation, migration and transformation, detection technology and toxicological evaluation in the recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). The study further proposes three key technological challenges in the field of risk assessment of rPET, including the precise quantification of the contamination level of risk substances, the traceability and identification of iconic contaminant sources, and the clarification of risk mechanisms. In this regard, the establishment of a comprehensive risk assessment system for rPET materials is of great scientific significance and practical value for effective monitoring of risk substances, safeguarding the health and safety of consumers, and promoting the sustainable use of resources.</p>