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<p>This study aimed to develop PEGylation based nanoparticles using garlic essential oil (GEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) by melt-dispersion method. Physico-chemical characteristics of GEO loaded PEG nanoparticles (GPNs) was analysed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Gas Chromatography (GC) techniques. Optimized GPN was subjected to stability and physico-chemical characteristics analysis up to six-month storage. Then, insecticidal potentiality of GPN was investigated and microstructural impacts on the beetle surface was observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Among the developed GPNs, DLS characteristics revealed GPN4 as optimal with 195.90&#xa0;nm of particle size, 0.25 PDI, and 86.48% of encapsulation efficiency. Significantly, there was no physico-chemical changes on GPN4 during six-month storage compared to control. In GC analysis, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide were detected as major constituents of GEO and GPN4. The GPN4 showed potential contact toxicities against <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i>, and <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> adults with 165.73, 169.95, and 192.82&#xa0;ppm of LC<sub>50</sub> values at 72&#xa0;h exposure. SEM observations exhibited adhesion of powder-form nanoparticles and abrasions on the cuticular surface of beetles. In conclusion, the study results suggested that GPN4 was a stable and potential contact toxicant, which could be useful as nano-protectant against stored-product beetles.</p>

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PEGylation as a tool to improve the stability of garlic sulfides as nano-protectants from stored-product beetles infestation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Samar Sayed Ibrahim,
  • K. S. Aswathi,
  • Amal Anand,
  • S. Ezhil Vendan

摘要

This study aimed to develop PEGylation based nanoparticles using garlic essential oil (GEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) by melt-dispersion method. Physico-chemical characteristics of GEO loaded PEG nanoparticles (GPNs) was analysed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Gas Chromatography (GC) techniques. Optimized GPN was subjected to stability and physico-chemical characteristics analysis up to six-month storage. Then, insecticidal potentiality of GPN was investigated and microstructural impacts on the beetle surface was observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Among the developed GPNs, DLS characteristics revealed GPN4 as optimal with 195.90 nm of particle size, 0.25 PDI, and 86.48% of encapsulation efficiency. Significantly, there was no physico-chemical changes on GPN4 during six-month storage compared to control. In GC analysis, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl trisulfide were detected as major constituents of GEO and GPN4. The GPN4 showed potential contact toxicities against Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Tribolium castaneum adults with 165.73, 169.95, and 192.82 ppm of LC50 values at 72 h exposure. SEM observations exhibited adhesion of powder-form nanoparticles and abrasions on the cuticular surface of beetles. In conclusion, the study results suggested that GPN4 was a stable and potential contact toxicant, which could be useful as nano-protectant against stored-product beetles.