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Background <p>Vitamin D deficiency is linked to cardiovascular and respiratory instability, particularly during hypoxic stress, such as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the mechanisms connecting vitamin D status to hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses in hypoxia remain unclear.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on hemodynamic (mean arterial pressure and heart rate) and cardiorespiratory (respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation) stability in an OSA experimental model, along with the effects of dose-dependent vitamin D supplementation.</p> Methods <p>Fifty-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, vitamin D-deficient, vitamin D-deficient with severe intermittent hypoxia (IH) and supplementation subgroups exposed to varying levels of IH. Vitamin D deficiency was induced through a diet lacking vitamin D for three weeks, followed by oral supplementation at two doses (25&#xa0;µg/kg/day and 37.5&#xa0;µg/kg/day) for two weeks. Intermittent hypoxia was simulated for 14&#xa0;days, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured using Elisa. Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded, and heart, aorta tissue were analyzed.</p> Results <p>Vitamin D-deficient groups exhibited significantly lower serum 25OHD levels and showed increased mean arterial pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and reduced oxygen saturation under hypoxia. High-dose supplementation improved 25OHD levels and improved physiological measures, particularly in moderate hypoxia subgroups (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Vitamin D deficiency combined with intermittent hypoxia increased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, reduced oxygen saturation, and worsened cardiovascular histology. Vitamin D supplementation improved these changes, especially at higher dose, and protected cardiovascular structures.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>Vitamin D deficiency combined with intermittent hypoxia induces hemodynamic and respiratory instability and causes cardiovascular tissue alterations. Vitamin D supplementation improves physiological parameters, with greater effects at higher dose, and preserves heart and aortic structure in an obstructive sleep apnea rat model.</p> <p></p>

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Improved hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory instability with vitamin D supplementation in an obstructive sleep apnea rat models

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Abdulmueen A. Alotaibi,
  • Syed Shahid Habib,
  • Hayam Gad,
  • Tamadar Al Doheyan,
  • Mubarak Aldosary,
  • Alanoud T. Aljasham,
  • Asma F. Alotaibi,
  • Yasser A. Alshawakir,
  • Abeer AbdulMoati Al-Masri

摘要

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is linked to cardiovascular and respiratory instability, particularly during hypoxic stress, such as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the mechanisms connecting vitamin D status to hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses in hypoxia remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on hemodynamic (mean arterial pressure and heart rate) and cardiorespiratory (respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation) stability in an OSA experimental model, along with the effects of dose-dependent vitamin D supplementation.

Methods

Fifty-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, vitamin D-deficient, vitamin D-deficient with severe intermittent hypoxia (IH) and supplementation subgroups exposed to varying levels of IH. Vitamin D deficiency was induced through a diet lacking vitamin D for three weeks, followed by oral supplementation at two doses (25 µg/kg/day and 37.5 µg/kg/day) for two weeks. Intermittent hypoxia was simulated for 14 days, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured using Elisa. Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded, and heart, aorta tissue were analyzed.

Results

Vitamin D-deficient groups exhibited significantly lower serum 25OHD levels and showed increased mean arterial pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and reduced oxygen saturation under hypoxia. High-dose supplementation improved 25OHD levels and improved physiological measures, particularly in moderate hypoxia subgroups (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency combined with intermittent hypoxia increased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, reduced oxygen saturation, and worsened cardiovascular histology. Vitamin D supplementation improved these changes, especially at higher dose, and protected cardiovascular structures.

Graphical Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency combined with intermittent hypoxia induces hemodynamic and respiratory instability and causes cardiovascular tissue alterations. Vitamin D supplementation improves physiological parameters, with greater effects at higher dose, and preserves heart and aortic structure in an obstructive sleep apnea rat model.