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<p>In recent decades, rapid urbanization and the growing demand for transportation have contributed significantly to increased pollution, traffic congestion, accidents, and longer travel times. To address these challenges, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have emerged as a transformative solution. These systems integrate communication technologies within transportation infrastructure and vehicles. ITS utilizes advanced technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Digital Twins, and Federated Learning. The aim is to enhance mobility, safety, and sustainability in urban environments. This work provides a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by performing a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art approaches for the integration of emerging technologies into ITS. We examine and classify these technological approaches based on their practical applications. These include traffic prediction, congestion management, route planning, optimization, and real-time multi-modal integration. Furthermore, we assess how these technologies are used in specific applications and evaluate their effectiveness in supporting multimodal transportation in both simulations and real-world settings. Our findings highlight the potential of utilizing these technologies and identify critical challenges, including data integration, security, scalability, and the adoption of human-centered systems. The primary contribution of this work is the development of a taxonomy and classification for cutting-edge solutions within a cohesive ITS architecture. This enables adaptable and resilient urban transportation systems. By identifying current research gaps and evaluating practical implementations, we present insights into the future direction of ITS. Our focus is on sustainable user-centric design. For researchers and practitioners seeking to develop next-generation transportation solutions, this survey serves as a valuable reference, since it bridges theoretical innovations with real-world applicability.</p>

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A taxonomy and survey of integrating emerging technologies to intelligent transportation systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Zahra Delavari,
  • Tamas Pflanzner,
  • Attila Kertesz

摘要

In recent decades, rapid urbanization and the growing demand for transportation have contributed significantly to increased pollution, traffic congestion, accidents, and longer travel times. To address these challenges, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have emerged as a transformative solution. These systems integrate communication technologies within transportation infrastructure and vehicles. ITS utilizes advanced technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Digital Twins, and Federated Learning. The aim is to enhance mobility, safety, and sustainability in urban environments. This work provides a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by performing a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art approaches for the integration of emerging technologies into ITS. We examine and classify these technological approaches based on their practical applications. These include traffic prediction, congestion management, route planning, optimization, and real-time multi-modal integration. Furthermore, we assess how these technologies are used in specific applications and evaluate their effectiveness in supporting multimodal transportation in both simulations and real-world settings. Our findings highlight the potential of utilizing these technologies and identify critical challenges, including data integration, security, scalability, and the adoption of human-centered systems. The primary contribution of this work is the development of a taxonomy and classification for cutting-edge solutions within a cohesive ITS architecture. This enables adaptable and resilient urban transportation systems. By identifying current research gaps and evaluating practical implementations, we present insights into the future direction of ITS. Our focus is on sustainable user-centric design. For researchers and practitioners seeking to develop next-generation transportation solutions, this survey serves as a valuable reference, since it bridges theoretical innovations with real-world applicability.