<p>This article proposes a hybrid satellite image encryption algorithm integrating a modified 1D Bülban chaotic map, a Chinese Go-inspired permutation, and Deoxyribonucleic Acid-based encoding. The Bülban variant adds a sinusoidal perturbation to widen chaotic regions and heighten plaintext and key sensitivity for lightweight, high-entropy key-streams suited to on-board constraints, the Chinese Go permutation utilizes movement and capture logs to remap pixel coordinates in a manner dependent on both the key and plaintext. This effectively breaks the long-range spatial structures typical of satellite imagery, and Deoxyribonucleic Acid encoding supplies per-byte rule variability to strengthen diffusion with low computational cost. Security analysis demonstrates exceptional performance: near-ideal entropy (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\approx 7.99$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>7.99</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), near-zero pixel correlation, and strong differential resistance with number of pixel change rate and unified average changing intensity values of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$99.5927\%$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>99.5927</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$29.27038\%$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>29.27038</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively. The algorithm also achieves a massive key space of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$2^{478}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>478</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, exhibits robustness to occlusion and noise attacks, and allows for lossless decryption (Structural Similarity Index Measure = 1). With an encryption time of 1.469 seconds for each of the images in a <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$256\times 256 \times 256$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>256</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>256</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>256</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> pixels image cube, the proposed algorithm balances high security with practical efficiency for satellite imaging pipelines.</p>

An improved Bülban map and its application in multiple image encryption

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2026年4月8日

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Noura H. El Shabasy,
Ahmed Mansy,
Wassim Alexan

摘要

This article proposes a hybrid satellite image encryption algorithm integrating a modified 1D Bülban chaotic map, a Chinese Go-inspired permutation, and Deoxyribonucleic Acid-based encoding. The Bülban variant adds a sinusoidal perturbation to widen chaotic regions and heighten plaintext and key sensitivity for lightweight, high-entropy key-streams suited to on-board constraints, the Chinese Go permutation utilizes movement and capture logs to remap pixel coordinates in a manner dependent on both the key and plaintext. This effectively breaks the long-range spatial structures typical of satellite imagery, and Deoxyribonucleic Acid encoding supplies per-byte rule variability to strengthen diffusion with low computational cost. Security analysis demonstrates exceptional performance: near-ideal entropy ( $\approx 7.99$ $\approx 7.99$ ), near-zero pixel correlation, and strong differential resistance with number of pixel change rate and unified average changing intensity values of $99.5927\%$ $99.5927 %$ and $29.27038\%$ $29.27038 %$ , respectively. The algorithm also achieves a massive key space of $2^{478}$ $2^{478}$ , exhibits robustness to occlusion and noise attacks, and allows for lossless decryption (Structural Similarity Index Measure = 1). With an encryption time of 1.469 seconds for each of the images in a $256\times 256 \times 256$ $256 \times 256 \times 256$ pixels image cube, the proposed algorithm balances high security with practical efficiency for satellite imaging pipelines.