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<p>Nanoparticles indicate strong promise in treating spinal cord injury by targeting secondary damage like inflammation and oxidative stress, primarily in preclinical animal models. Research highlights their ability to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier, deliver drugs precisely, and increase neural repair. In this study, we used a contusive spinal cord injury animal model to evaluate the neuroprotective qualities of silver nanoparticles combined with metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesized via <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> leaf extract. XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, FT-IR, TEM, and zeta potential tests were used to thoroughly characterize the Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i>. In the study, forty male rats were divided into four groups: sham, intact, control, and Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> (100&#xa0;µg/kg) groups. The BBB score evaluated the rats’ behavior weekly following the onset of spinal cord damage. Neural conduction recovery was evaluated using somatosensory evoked potential testing, while GFAP expression was examined to determine the astrogliosis presence. H&amp;E staining was used to analyze the lesions after the injury. When Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> was used, the spinal cord damage contusive model in Wistar rats improved and revealed neuroprotective properties. The Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> group revealed a notable rise in the number of ventral motor neurons and a marked reduction in cavity areas. Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> significantly reduced GFAP levels. The group treated with Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> demonstrated a large decrease in delayed reactions and a notable increase in BBB scores. The rats that received Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> treatment showed a significant improvement in hindlimb function, based on the EMG data. Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> exhibits outstanding antioxidant capability against DPPH and antibacterial activities against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, according to in vitro biological tests. Additionally, Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> exhibited little cytotoxicity against HUVECs. The latest Ag NPs-MOF/<i>Tribulus terrestris</i> can be utilized to treat spinal cord injuries in humans after completing clinical trial research. </p>

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Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects of silver nanoparticles combined with metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesized via Tribulus terrestris leaf extract on the contusive model of spinal cord injury in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Tao Xu,
  • Xiaoyu Cai,
  • Aierpati Yusufu,
  • Mardan Mamat,
  • Weibin Sheng

摘要

Nanoparticles indicate strong promise in treating spinal cord injury by targeting secondary damage like inflammation and oxidative stress, primarily in preclinical animal models. Research highlights their ability to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier, deliver drugs precisely, and increase neural repair. In this study, we used a contusive spinal cord injury animal model to evaluate the neuroprotective qualities of silver nanoparticles combined with metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesized via Tribulus terrestris leaf extract. XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, FT-IR, TEM, and zeta potential tests were used to thoroughly characterize the Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris. In the study, forty male rats were divided into four groups: sham, intact, control, and Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris (100 µg/kg) groups. The BBB score evaluated the rats’ behavior weekly following the onset of spinal cord damage. Neural conduction recovery was evaluated using somatosensory evoked potential testing, while GFAP expression was examined to determine the astrogliosis presence. H&E staining was used to analyze the lesions after the injury. When Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris was used, the spinal cord damage contusive model in Wistar rats improved and revealed neuroprotective properties. The Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris group revealed a notable rise in the number of ventral motor neurons and a marked reduction in cavity areas. Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris significantly reduced GFAP levels. The group treated with Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris demonstrated a large decrease in delayed reactions and a notable increase in BBB scores. The rats that received Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris treatment showed a significant improvement in hindlimb function, based on the EMG data. Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris exhibits outstanding antioxidant capability against DPPH and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7, according to in vitro biological tests. Additionally, Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris exhibited little cytotoxicity against HUVECs. The latest Ag NPs-MOF/Tribulus terrestris can be utilized to treat spinal cord injuries in humans after completing clinical trial research.