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<p>Cement production is highly carbon-intensive and contributes significantly to carbon emissions. The study aimed to estimate the carbon footprint of sawdust combustion compared to coal, highlighting the ecological benefits of sawdust as an alternative energy source. Refuse-derived fuel energy was produced by converting waste into alternative fuels to replace coal. This process can reduce the carbon footprint and provide additional environmental credentials. For this, we used one year of data to compare the carbon footprints of coal and sawdust sourced from furniture factories, which were burned in the local cement industry. The carbon footprint was evaluated by identifying the key emission categories, collecting relevant data, and calculating greenhouse gas emissions. The calorific value of coal was found to be 24&#xa0;MJ/kg, while that of sawdust was 17.5&#xa0;MJ/kg. An average of 586.116 tons of sawdust was used monthly, peaking at 1,302.60 tons in October 2023 and dropping to 34.735 tons in May 2024. Monthly, 974.08 tCO₂e emissions were generated from sawdust, with October 2023 recording the highest release at 2,164.83 tCO₂e. In contrast, coal combustion in the same month released 2931.12 tCO₂e, resulting in a 766.29 tCO₂e difference. In May 2024, sawdust usage was minimal, resulting in a release of only 57.73 tCO₂e, with a difference of 11.97 tCO₂e. By increasing the mass of the sawdust-to-coal ratio, its heating value can be matched to that of coal. The study found that while sawdust has a lower calorific value than coal, it produces significantly less CO₂ emissions per unit of energy generated, making it a cleaner alternative in terms of greenhouse gas output. The research highlighted sawdust as a sustainable energy source.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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From waste to energy: investigating sawdust combustion as a cleaner alternative to coal

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Yashfa Khalid,
  • Arifa Tahir,
  • Naseem Akhtar,
  • Iahtasham Khan,
  • Farrukh Tahir,
  • Muhammad Arshad,
  • Ahmad Raza

摘要

Cement production is highly carbon-intensive and contributes significantly to carbon emissions. The study aimed to estimate the carbon footprint of sawdust combustion compared to coal, highlighting the ecological benefits of sawdust as an alternative energy source. Refuse-derived fuel energy was produced by converting waste into alternative fuels to replace coal. This process can reduce the carbon footprint and provide additional environmental credentials. For this, we used one year of data to compare the carbon footprints of coal and sawdust sourced from furniture factories, which were burned in the local cement industry. The carbon footprint was evaluated by identifying the key emission categories, collecting relevant data, and calculating greenhouse gas emissions. The calorific value of coal was found to be 24 MJ/kg, while that of sawdust was 17.5 MJ/kg. An average of 586.116 tons of sawdust was used monthly, peaking at 1,302.60 tons in October 2023 and dropping to 34.735 tons in May 2024. Monthly, 974.08 tCO₂e emissions were generated from sawdust, with October 2023 recording the highest release at 2,164.83 tCO₂e. In contrast, coal combustion in the same month released 2931.12 tCO₂e, resulting in a 766.29 tCO₂e difference. In May 2024, sawdust usage was minimal, resulting in a release of only 57.73 tCO₂e, with a difference of 11.97 tCO₂e. By increasing the mass of the sawdust-to-coal ratio, its heating value can be matched to that of coal. The study found that while sawdust has a lower calorific value than coal, it produces significantly less CO₂ emissions per unit of energy generated, making it a cleaner alternative in terms of greenhouse gas output. The research highlighted sawdust as a sustainable energy source.

Graphical Abstract