<p>Given a (di)graph&#xa0;<i>G</i> and a threshold function&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="44425_2025_19_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="104" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, an&#xa0;<i>f</i>-reversible process on&#xa0;<i>G</i> is a dynamical system such that, given an initial vertex labeling&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="44425_2025_19_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="139" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_0: V(G) \rightarrow \{0,1\}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, every vertex&#xa0;<i>v</i> changes its label if and only if it has at least&#xa0;<i>f</i>(<i>v</i>) neighbors (or in-neighbors when <i>G</i> is a digraph) with the opposite label, synchronously in discrete-time steps. An <i>f</i>-conversion set of <i>G</i> is a subset of vertices of <i>G</i> with initial label equal to&#xa0;1 such that, in an&#xa0;<i>f</i>-reversible process on&#xa0;<i>G</i>, there is a time step <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="44425_2025_19_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t \ge 0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in which all vertices have label&#xa0;1 from there on, and an <i>f</i>-critical set of <i>G</i> is an&#xa0;<i>f</i>-conversion set of <i>G</i> in which this time <i>t</i> is 0 or 1. When <i>f</i> is constant, we can change the <i>f</i> for that constant in this notations. In this work, we show that we can find a smallest 1-conversion set of a tournament and a smallest <i>f</i>-critical set of a path in linear time. On the negative side, we show that the problem of determining if there is a 1-conversion set with size at most <i>k</i> is <Emphasis FontCategory="SansSerif">NP</Emphasis>-hard for digraphs with only one cycle and in which each vertex has the sum of its in-degree and out-degree at most three.</p>

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Results on f-Reversible Processes

  • Murillo Silva,
  • Pedro Fernandes,
  • Thiago Marcilon

摘要

Given a (di)graph G and a threshold function  \(f:V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb {N}\) , an f-reversible process on G is a dynamical system such that, given an initial vertex labeling  \(c_0: V(G) \rightarrow \{0,1\}\) , every vertex v changes its label if and only if it has at least f(v) neighbors (or in-neighbors when G is a digraph) with the opposite label, synchronously in discrete-time steps. An f-conversion set of G is a subset of vertices of G with initial label equal to 1 such that, in an f-reversible process on G, there is a time step \(t \ge 0\) in which all vertices have label 1 from there on, and an f-critical set of G is an f-conversion set of G in which this time t is 0 or 1. When f is constant, we can change the f for that constant in this notations. In this work, we show that we can find a smallest 1-conversion set of a tournament and a smallest f-critical set of a path in linear time. On the negative side, we show that the problem of determining if there is a 1-conversion set with size at most k is NP-hard for digraphs with only one cycle and in which each vertex has the sum of its in-degree and out-degree at most three.