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<p>Concrete plays a crucial role in the construction industry, especially in developing countries where infrastructure demand is rapidly increasing. This surge has led to high cement consumption, making it necessary to explore alternative materials for cement. As cement is both costly and a major source of carbon emissions, finding eco-friendly substitutes with similar binding properties is essential. Using supplementary cementitious materials as alternatives to cement can enhance sustainability, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. This research focused on the short-term strength characteristics of steel-reinforced laterized concrete, using metakaolin to partially replace cement. Concrete cubes were tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing while reinforced beams were tested for flexural strength at 28, 56, and 90 days. The concrete mix included metakaolin (MK)-cement, laterite, sand, and granite in a 1:2:4 ratio with a water/cement ratio of 0.55. Fine aggregate consisted of 20% laterite and 80% sand. MK replaced cement by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. The Silica to Sesquioxide Ratio (SSR) of the soil used for the study was 0.97. This shows that the soil sample was laterite due to the SSR &lt; 1.33. For compressive strength, high values were observed for the MK concrete mixes up to 15%MK (21.22&#xa0;N/mm<sup>2</sup>) when compared with control (20.9&#xa0;N/mm<sup>2</sup>) at 28 days. The 10% MK concrete outperformed others and showed a 9.99% increase in strength when compared with the control specimen at 28 days of curing. For the flexural strength, the trend was similar to what was observed in compressive strength as 10% MK replacement at 28, 56 and 90 days curing gave 5.31%, 5.35% and 5.14% increase in strength respectively when compared with the control specimen. The results from this study has shown that reinforced laterized concrete with metakaolin partially replacing cement can be used in the construction of load-bearing structures for low-rise residential and rural infrastructure, particularly in regions where laterite and kaolin are abundant.</p>

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Mechanical properties of reinforced laterized concrete with metakaolin partially replacing cement

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Yetunde Oyebolaji Abiodun,
  • Sulaiman Oyeyemi Kolawole,
  • Abiodun Fatokun,
  • Akintoye Olumide Oyelade

摘要

Concrete plays a crucial role in the construction industry, especially in developing countries where infrastructure demand is rapidly increasing. This surge has led to high cement consumption, making it necessary to explore alternative materials for cement. As cement is both costly and a major source of carbon emissions, finding eco-friendly substitutes with similar binding properties is essential. Using supplementary cementitious materials as alternatives to cement can enhance sustainability, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. This research focused on the short-term strength characteristics of steel-reinforced laterized concrete, using metakaolin to partially replace cement. Concrete cubes were tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing while reinforced beams were tested for flexural strength at 28, 56, and 90 days. The concrete mix included metakaolin (MK)-cement, laterite, sand, and granite in a 1:2:4 ratio with a water/cement ratio of 0.55. Fine aggregate consisted of 20% laterite and 80% sand. MK replaced cement by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. The Silica to Sesquioxide Ratio (SSR) of the soil used for the study was 0.97. This shows that the soil sample was laterite due to the SSR < 1.33. For compressive strength, high values were observed for the MK concrete mixes up to 15%MK (21.22 N/mm2) when compared with control (20.9 N/mm2) at 28 days. The 10% MK concrete outperformed others and showed a 9.99% increase in strength when compared with the control specimen at 28 days of curing. For the flexural strength, the trend was similar to what was observed in compressive strength as 10% MK replacement at 28, 56 and 90 days curing gave 5.31%, 5.35% and 5.14% increase in strength respectively when compared with the control specimen. The results from this study has shown that reinforced laterized concrete with metakaolin partially replacing cement can be used in the construction of load-bearing structures for low-rise residential and rural infrastructure, particularly in regions where laterite and kaolin are abundant.