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Background <p>Rapid urbanization and intensive land use have degraded environmental quality in metropolitan regions, increasing the need for management strategies that enhance climate resilience. Urban and peri-urban Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are promising nature-based solutions for carbon sequestration and soil restoration.</p> Methods <p>This study evaluated the carbon mitigation potential of AFS in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, Brazil. We analyzed total organic carbon (TOC), its physical fractions (Particulate Organic Matter – POM and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter – MAOM), and aggregate-associated carbon in three AFS and paired reference areas. Statistical analyses included comparisons between treatments and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), interpreted as an exploratory tool.</p> Results <p>AFS increased soil carbon stocks by an average of 44% compared to reference areas, with a mean sequestration rate of 10.7 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The MAOM fraction showed consistent increases across depths, suggesting enhanced long-term carbon stabilization, while POM increases were more pronounced in surface layers. Aggregate-associated carbon did not show clear statistical differences, but a tendency of accumulation in macroaggregates at 10–20&#xa0;cm depth was observed. PCA showed a separation pattern between AFS and reference sites, indicating an association of AFS with greater carbon accumulation, including at deeper layers.</p> Conclusion <p>Urban and peri-urban AFS are effective carbon sinks that enhance both the quantity and stability of soil organic carbon. These findings reinforce the role of AFS as crucial nature-based solutions for climate mitigation and sustainable planning in tropical metropolitan landscapes.</p>

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Soil organic carbon dynamics in agroforestry systems across urban and peri-urban landscapes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Victor Hugo de Souza Freiris,
  • Vanessa Matos Gomes,
  • Diego Antônio França de Freitas,
  • Luiza Almeida Rodrigues,
  • Bianca Caroline de Souza Chaves,
  • Guilherme Augusto Oliveira Teixeira,
  • Marcus Vinícius Teixeira,
  • Augusto Costa Gonçalves,
  • João Marcos Mendes Costa,
  • Dener Márcio da Silva Oliveira

摘要

Background

Rapid urbanization and intensive land use have degraded environmental quality in metropolitan regions, increasing the need for management strategies that enhance climate resilience. Urban and peri-urban Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are promising nature-based solutions for carbon sequestration and soil restoration.

Methods

This study evaluated the carbon mitigation potential of AFS in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, Brazil. We analyzed total organic carbon (TOC), its physical fractions (Particulate Organic Matter – POM and Mineral-Associated Organic Matter – MAOM), and aggregate-associated carbon in three AFS and paired reference areas. Statistical analyses included comparisons between treatments and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), interpreted as an exploratory tool.

Results

AFS increased soil carbon stocks by an average of 44% compared to reference areas, with a mean sequestration rate of 10.7 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The MAOM fraction showed consistent increases across depths, suggesting enhanced long-term carbon stabilization, while POM increases were more pronounced in surface layers. Aggregate-associated carbon did not show clear statistical differences, but a tendency of accumulation in macroaggregates at 10–20 cm depth was observed. PCA showed a separation pattern between AFS and reference sites, indicating an association of AFS with greater carbon accumulation, including at deeper layers.

Conclusion

Urban and peri-urban AFS are effective carbon sinks that enhance both the quantity and stability of soil organic carbon. These findings reinforce the role of AFS as crucial nature-based solutions for climate mitigation and sustainable planning in tropical metropolitan landscapes.