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<p>Stomata regulate gas exchange and transpiration in plant leaves, playing critical roles in photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE). Modulating stomatal aperture and density therefore represent an effective strategy to enhance plant drought resistance, particularly under arid conditions. To identify genomic intervals and candidate genes associated with leaf stomatal traits in wheat varieties grown in the arid regions of the Loess Plateau, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using multiple statistical models (BLINK, FarmCPU, CMLM and MLM). Significant variation and correlation were observed in the stomatal index (SI), stomatal density (SD), and stomatal size across different environments in a panel of winter wheat cultivars. Eight stable loci were consistently identified for three stomatal traits, including two for SI and three each for stomatal width (SW) and epidermal cell (EC). Among these, two loci were potentially novel for SW, and one exhibited a pleiotropic effect on both SI and EC. Fourteen candidate genes associated with variation in stomatal traits were identified, including a phytochrome-interacting factor-like bHLH protein gene, a chlorophyll <i>a</i>/<i>b</i> binding protein gene, and an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase gene. The Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker associated with stomatal width was developed and validated. Overall, our findings elucidated the genetic basis of stomata-related traits, providing valuable resources for improving WUE and photosynthetic capacity in wheat under arid conditions through marker-assisted selection (MAS) or engineering stomatal trait.</p>

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Identification of loci and candidate genes for stomatal traits in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) reveals genetic adaptations to the arid Loess Plateau

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Jingwen Li,
  • Rui He,
  • Xiaolin Du,
  • Yiqing Hou,
  • Muhammad Ali Raza,
  • Bin Bai,
  • Hong Chang

摘要

Stomata regulate gas exchange and transpiration in plant leaves, playing critical roles in photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE). Modulating stomatal aperture and density therefore represent an effective strategy to enhance plant drought resistance, particularly under arid conditions. To identify genomic intervals and candidate genes associated with leaf stomatal traits in wheat varieties grown in the arid regions of the Loess Plateau, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using multiple statistical models (BLINK, FarmCPU, CMLM and MLM). Significant variation and correlation were observed in the stomatal index (SI), stomatal density (SD), and stomatal size across different environments in a panel of winter wheat cultivars. Eight stable loci were consistently identified for three stomatal traits, including two for SI and three each for stomatal width (SW) and epidermal cell (EC). Among these, two loci were potentially novel for SW, and one exhibited a pleiotropic effect on both SI and EC. Fourteen candidate genes associated with variation in stomatal traits were identified, including a phytochrome-interacting factor-like bHLH protein gene, a chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene, and an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase gene. The Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker associated with stomatal width was developed and validated. Overall, our findings elucidated the genetic basis of stomata-related traits, providing valuable resources for improving WUE and photosynthetic capacity in wheat under arid conditions through marker-assisted selection (MAS) or engineering stomatal trait.