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Objective <p>To assess the immune response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-spike antibody levels were investigated in a group of 1,348 unvaccinated individuals in Slovakia during the Alpha variant dominance.</p> Methods <p>Blood samples were used to assess SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific mix of antibodies by electrochemiluminescence. Data on demographics, chronic conditions and COVID-19 severity were collected. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the impact of these factors on antibody responses.</p> Results <p>77.6% of the study group developed detectable anti-spike antibodies. Age, sex, BMI, presence of chronic conditions, and COVID-19 severity were associated with antibody levels. Older individuals, those with overweight or obesity, and those with more severe COVID-19 infections exhibited higher antibody titers.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings highlight the importance of understanding the factors influencing the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of new viral variants with immune-evasive properties limits the long-term protection conferred by natural infection. Further research is needed to assess the durability of immunity and the impact of vaccination on long-term protection.</p>

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Anti-spike Antibody Response to Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Alexandra Brazinova,
  • Martina Kotrbancova,
  • Jana Perzelova,
  • Dorota Novakova,
  • Jaroslava Sokolova,
  • Adriana Krsakova,
  • Marek Majdan,
  • Janka Prnova,
  • Miriam Fulova

摘要

Objective

To assess the immune response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-spike antibody levels were investigated in a group of 1,348 unvaccinated individuals in Slovakia during the Alpha variant dominance.

Methods

Blood samples were used to assess SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific mix of antibodies by electrochemiluminescence. Data on demographics, chronic conditions and COVID-19 severity were collected. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the impact of these factors on antibody responses.

Results

77.6% of the study group developed detectable anti-spike antibodies. Age, sex, BMI, presence of chronic conditions, and COVID-19 severity were associated with antibody levels. Older individuals, those with overweight or obesity, and those with more severe COVID-19 infections exhibited higher antibody titers.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of understanding the factors influencing the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of new viral variants with immune-evasive properties limits the long-term protection conferred by natural infection. Further research is needed to assess the durability of immunity and the impact of vaccination on long-term protection.