<p>Dentition defects are a prevalent condition in stomatology, significantly impacting masticatory function, aesthetics, speech, quality of life, and occlusal stability. These defects are also closely associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This review explores the temporal changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) before and after the restorative treatment of dentition defects, with a particular focus on the impact of prosthetic design on treatment outcomes. A well-designed prosthesis can restore oral function and contribute to the alleviation of TMD symptoms, whereas inadequately designed prosthetic devices may exacerbate TMJ dysfunction. Key strategies for optimizing treatment are discussed, including the integration of advanced imaging technologies, the application of innovative biomaterials, and a multidisciplinary approach encompassing oral restoration, physiotherapy, and psychological counseling. The review also highlights the importance of precision medicine tailored to individual needs and underscores the necessity of long-term follow-up in maintaining TMJ health. By synthesizing current evidence, this review provides clinicians with practical insights for improving patient outcomes and minimizing complications associated with restorative treatments.</p>