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<p>Hydrogen production via seawater electrolysis represents a promising strategy for sustainable energy conversion. However, its practical deployment remains limited due to catalyst corrosion and performance degradation induced by chloride ions. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a ternary Fe-Mo-Co oxide (Fe-CMO) electrocatalyst designed for efficient overall seawater splitting. The Fe-CMO catalyst was grown on Ni foam via a two-step hydrothermal process followed by annealing under an Ar/H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, yielding a nanoflower-like architecture composed of uniformly distributed Mo<sup>4+</sup>/Mo<sup>6+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup>, and Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> redox couples. In this system, Mo<sup>6+</sup> facilitates oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by regenerating Co-based active sites, while Mo<sup>4+</sup> enhances hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through its electron-reservoir characteristics. The incorporation of Fe further modulates the electronic structure of Co, improving the adsorption of reaction intermediates. As a result, Fe-CMO exhibits outstanding bifunctional activity, achieving low overpotentials of 288&#xa0;mV for OER and 50&#xa0;mV for HER at 50&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>2</sup> in 1&#xa0;M KOH. Notably, in the presence of seawater, Fe-CMO maintains excellent performance with overpotentials of 289&#xa0;mV for OER and 98&#xa0;mV for HER, along with remarkable stability, showing only a 1.1% performance loss after 120&#xa0;h at 100&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>2</sup>. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of rational multimetal design in constructing durable and efficient electrocatalysts for practical seawater electrolysis.</p>

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Robust Fe, Mo co-doped Co3O4 electrocatalyst with superior chloride resistance for efficient seawater electrolysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Jinhyuk Baek,
  • Yujin Son,
  • Moonsu Kim,
  • Gibaek Lee

摘要

Hydrogen production via seawater electrolysis represents a promising strategy for sustainable energy conversion. However, its practical deployment remains limited due to catalyst corrosion and performance degradation induced by chloride ions. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a ternary Fe-Mo-Co oxide (Fe-CMO) electrocatalyst designed for efficient overall seawater splitting. The Fe-CMO catalyst was grown on Ni foam via a two-step hydrothermal process followed by annealing under an Ar/H2 atmosphere, yielding a nanoflower-like architecture composed of uniformly distributed Mo4+/Mo6+, Co2+/Co3+, and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couples. In this system, Mo6+ facilitates oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by regenerating Co-based active sites, while Mo4+ enhances hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through its electron-reservoir characteristics. The incorporation of Fe further modulates the electronic structure of Co, improving the adsorption of reaction intermediates. As a result, Fe-CMO exhibits outstanding bifunctional activity, achieving low overpotentials of 288 mV for OER and 50 mV for HER at 50 mA cm⁻2 in 1 M KOH. Notably, in the presence of seawater, Fe-CMO maintains excellent performance with overpotentials of 289 mV for OER and 98 mV for HER, along with remarkable stability, showing only a 1.1% performance loss after 120 h at 100 mA cm⁻2. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of rational multimetal design in constructing durable and efficient electrocatalysts for practical seawater electrolysis.