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<p>The National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) receives NOAA-21 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) data through the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites’ data dissemination system (EUMETCast). Necessary modifications were made to the NCMRWF Unified Model (NCUM) assimilation and forecasting system to assimilate NOAA-21 data, as well as similar data from S-NPP and NOAA-20. As an initial step, prior to the operational use of NOAA-21 data, background and analysis innovations from ATMS and CrIS observations were computed and compared with those from S-NPP and NOAA-20 satellites. The NOAA-21 ATMS and CrIS innovations were found to be comparable in magnitude to those from Suomi National Polar Orbiting Partnership satellite (S-NPP) and NOAA-20. Upon confirming the quality of NOAA-21 data using the Observation Processing System, and the impact of the data on the assimilation and simulation of two monsoon deep depression (DD) events over east India in September 2024 was evaluated by performing Observing System Experiments. Two sets of experiments were conducted: a control run, in which all observations except NOAA-21 data were assimilated to produce analysis files; and an experimental run, in which all observations were assimilated, including NOAA-21 ATMS and CrIS observations. The experiments focused on two recent DD events over east India, occurring during 8–11th September and 14–20th September 2024. Results indicate that assimilating NOAA-21 observations alongside the existing dataset led to distinct, positive improvements in the analyses and forecasts of both DD events. A maximum up to 6% improvement in equitable threat score at moderate thresholds of accumulated precipitation was achieved across the storm’s lifecycle in the experimental forecast. These findings highlight the notable contributions of NOAA-21 ATMS and CrIS data to improving analysis quality and forecast accuracy across multiple lead times.</p>

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Assimilation of NOAA-21 Satellite Observations in the NCUM Data Assimilation System and Their Impact on Two Monsoon Deep Depression Events

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Devanil Choudhury,
  • Upal Saha,
  • Devajyoti Dutta,
  • S. Indira Rani,
  • John P. George

摘要

The National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) receives NOAA-21 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) data through the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites’ data dissemination system (EUMETCast). Necessary modifications were made to the NCMRWF Unified Model (NCUM) assimilation and forecasting system to assimilate NOAA-21 data, as well as similar data from S-NPP and NOAA-20. As an initial step, prior to the operational use of NOAA-21 data, background and analysis innovations from ATMS and CrIS observations were computed and compared with those from S-NPP and NOAA-20 satellites. The NOAA-21 ATMS and CrIS innovations were found to be comparable in magnitude to those from Suomi National Polar Orbiting Partnership satellite (S-NPP) and NOAA-20. Upon confirming the quality of NOAA-21 data using the Observation Processing System, and the impact of the data on the assimilation and simulation of two monsoon deep depression (DD) events over east India in September 2024 was evaluated by performing Observing System Experiments. Two sets of experiments were conducted: a control run, in which all observations except NOAA-21 data were assimilated to produce analysis files; and an experimental run, in which all observations were assimilated, including NOAA-21 ATMS and CrIS observations. The experiments focused on two recent DD events over east India, occurring during 8–11th September and 14–20th September 2024. Results indicate that assimilating NOAA-21 observations alongside the existing dataset led to distinct, positive improvements in the analyses and forecasts of both DD events. A maximum up to 6% improvement in equitable threat score at moderate thresholds of accumulated precipitation was achieved across the storm’s lifecycle in the experimental forecast. These findings highlight the notable contributions of NOAA-21 ATMS and CrIS data to improving analysis quality and forecast accuracy across multiple lead times.