<p>Restoration efforts are quickly increasing the number of hectares of longleaf pine (<i>Pinus palustris</i> Mill.) across the southern USA. However, little guidance has been given to landowners on strategies for adapting longleaf pine ecosystems to predicted changes in temperature and precipitation. In 2016, scientists and land managers developed management objectives and desired future conditions for climate adaptation approaches (control, resistance, resilience, and transition) in longleaf pine–hardwood woodlands. The study is part of the Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change network, which provides quantitative information to evaluate those approaches based on goals and objectives. Silvicultural prescriptions primarily focused on stand density reduction and species selection to reduce tree vulnerability to drought stress. Silvicultural treatments were implemented in 2018. We used a multi-criteria decision analysis approach for determining the effectiveness of adaptive approaches in meeting management goals and desired stand structure and species composition, and the extent to which those approaches impact other ecosystem services in longleaf pine ecosystems. Based on observed and simulated data from 2018–2033, the overall effectiveness of a given approach in meeting desired conditions was similar between the resistance and resilience approaches. Ecosystem service provision was similar among control, resilience, and transition approaches, representing trade-offs related to management decisions about carbon storage, wildlife habitat, and harvested wood products. However, the ability to meet desired future conditions and ecosystems services depend on landowner use of prescribed fire and tolerance for lower economic returns on timber to maintain open stand conditions.</p>