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<p>Native bees are diverse and efficient pollinators that have been studied in many forested regions of the United States. However, such studies are rare in the inland Pacific Northwest. To address this gap, we examined 1) how blooming plant and bee communities differed between two forest types (warm-dry and cool-moist) in spring and summer and 2) how a suite of environmental conditions influenced these communities each season. We collected 4,469 bees from 122 species/morphospecies over two years. Bees were typically twice as abundant in warm-dry versus cool-moist forests. In addition, bloom and bee species composition in each forest type and season were distinct. Canopy density was negatively related to bloom responses in spring and summer. Heat load had a positive effect on bees in both seasons. Surprisingly, the presence of elk was positively associated with bee responses in summer. Groundcover and bloom availability effects on bees varied seasonally.&#xa0;Blooming plant and native bee communities of inland Pacific Northwest forests vary over relatively&#xa0;small spatiotemporal scales, implying that forest type and season are important considerations when planning&#xa0;management actions for achieving pollinator conservation goals in these forests. Our study broadly suggests that various&#xa0;common forest management practices that influence canopy coverage (e.g., fuel reduction thinning, restoration) and large&#xa0;herbivore densities will likely influence blooming plants and bees. In many cases, forest management may operate&#xa0;synergistically with native bee conservation. Still, a high priority for future research is understanding how blooming plant&#xa0;and bee communities respond directly to management actions.</p>

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Blooming Plant and Bee Communities in an Inland Pacific Northwestern Forest Vary by Forest Type, Season, and Environmental Factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Scott R. Mitchell,
  • Sandra J. DeBano,
  • Mary M. Rowland,
  • Skyler Burrows,
  • Ryan Nielson

摘要

Native bees are diverse and efficient pollinators that have been studied in many forested regions of the United States. However, such studies are rare in the inland Pacific Northwest. To address this gap, we examined 1) how blooming plant and bee communities differed between two forest types (warm-dry and cool-moist) in spring and summer and 2) how a suite of environmental conditions influenced these communities each season. We collected 4,469 bees from 122 species/morphospecies over two years. Bees were typically twice as abundant in warm-dry versus cool-moist forests. In addition, bloom and bee species composition in each forest type and season were distinct. Canopy density was negatively related to bloom responses in spring and summer. Heat load had a positive effect on bees in both seasons. Surprisingly, the presence of elk was positively associated with bee responses in summer. Groundcover and bloom availability effects on bees varied seasonally. Blooming plant and native bee communities of inland Pacific Northwest forests vary over relatively small spatiotemporal scales, implying that forest type and season are important considerations when planning management actions for achieving pollinator conservation goals in these forests. Our study broadly suggests that various common forest management practices that influence canopy coverage (e.g., fuel reduction thinning, restoration) and large herbivore densities will likely influence blooming plants and bees. In many cases, forest management may operate synergistically with native bee conservation. Still, a high priority for future research is understanding how blooming plant and bee communities respond directly to management actions.