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<p>Crop Tree Release (CTR) is a near-natural forest management strategy designed to improve stand structure, yet its effects under different thinning intensities remain poorly understood. To assess structural responses, we applied five CTR treatments: no thinning (0%), weak (16.3%), moderate (25.6%), high (31.1%), and super high thinning (41.8%), in a <i>Camptotheca acuminata</i> Decne<i>.–Liquidambar formosana</i> Hance mixed plantation in Hubei Province, China. In the third year after treatment, six spatial structure indicators representing both horizontal and vertical dimensions were measured across 25 plots. We developed a Diversity of Forest Spatial Structure (DFS) index and a Structure Quality Index (SQI), and assessed their coordination using a coupling model. Results showed that both DFS and SQI increased with thinning intensity, with the super high treatment yielding the highest values. Improvements were attributed to reduced inter-tree competition, increased canopy openness, and more complex vertical layering. While SQI showed slight fluctuation under high thinning, overall structural enhancement was consistent across treatments. Strong coupling and improved coordination between DFS and SQI were observed at higher thinning intensities. These findings demonstrate that appropriate thinning under CTR can simultaneously enhance spatial diversity and structural quality, promote near-natural stand conditions and support sustainable management in mixed plantations.</p>

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Spatial Structure in Camptotheca acuminata Decne.–Liquidambar formosana Hance Mixed Plantations under Crop Tree Release with Different Thinning Intensities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Dan Wan,
  • Qingye Wang,
  • Houchun Wang,
  • Qiang Chen,
  • Yang Wang

摘要

Crop Tree Release (CTR) is a near-natural forest management strategy designed to improve stand structure, yet its effects under different thinning intensities remain poorly understood. To assess structural responses, we applied five CTR treatments: no thinning (0%), weak (16.3%), moderate (25.6%), high (31.1%), and super high thinning (41.8%), in a Camptotheca acuminata Decne.–Liquidambar formosana Hance mixed plantation in Hubei Province, China. In the third year after treatment, six spatial structure indicators representing both horizontal and vertical dimensions were measured across 25 plots. We developed a Diversity of Forest Spatial Structure (DFS) index and a Structure Quality Index (SQI), and assessed their coordination using a coupling model. Results showed that both DFS and SQI increased with thinning intensity, with the super high treatment yielding the highest values. Improvements were attributed to reduced inter-tree competition, increased canopy openness, and more complex vertical layering. While SQI showed slight fluctuation under high thinning, overall structural enhancement was consistent across treatments. Strong coupling and improved coordination between DFS and SQI were observed at higher thinning intensities. These findings demonstrate that appropriate thinning under CTR can simultaneously enhance spatial diversity and structural quality, promote near-natural stand conditions and support sustainable management in mixed plantations.