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<p>Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global health concern, particularly for populations relying on cereal-based food. Biofortification offers a practical strategy to address Zn deficiency in crops as well as humans. However, its effectiveness under field conditions, along with its impact on yield and quality-related grain traits, remains unclear. Field trials were carried-out over two years at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam, where three advanced wheat lines (NBW-67, NBW-231, NBW-232) and one Zn-biofortified cultivar (Zincol-2016) were subjected to three zinc treatments: control (no Zn), soil Zn application @ 5&#xa0;kg Zn ha<sup>–1</sup>, and foliar application of 0.25% Zn at booting and anthesis stage. Grain Zn concentration varied significantly across treatments and genotypes, with Zincol-2016 and NBW-67 showing the highest efficiency. Soil-applied Zn could not produce significant increases in grain Zn concentration; however, increases of 45% and 47% were recorded with foliar-applied Zn compared to the unfertilized control in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023, respectively. Compared to the control, soil- and foliar-applied Zn significantly reduced phytate concentrations in the grains of all genotypes by 5.3% and 8.7% in 2021–2022, and by 8.7% and 10.5% in 2022–2023, respectively. However, a desired grain phytate: Zn molar ratio of ≤ 15 was achieved only with foliar Zn application, highlighting the significance of foliar fertilization in augmenting Zn bioavailability. Grain yield did not increase significantly with foliar Zn spray. However, soil Zn application resulted in a significant yield increase of 13.2% in 2021–2022 and 11.4% in 2022–2023 relative to the control. In conclusion, while foliar-applied Zn is the most efficient approach for enhancing grain Zn concentrations, soil application proves more effective for achieving higher grain yields.</p>

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Comparative efficacy of soil and foliar zinc application for agronomic biofortification of wheat with zinc

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Muhammad Abbas,
  • Nizamuddin Depar,
  • Sana Ullah,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Javaid Ahmed Shah,
  • Javaria Afzal

摘要

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global health concern, particularly for populations relying on cereal-based food. Biofortification offers a practical strategy to address Zn deficiency in crops as well as humans. However, its effectiveness under field conditions, along with its impact on yield and quality-related grain traits, remains unclear. Field trials were carried-out over two years at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam, where three advanced wheat lines (NBW-67, NBW-231, NBW-232) and one Zn-biofortified cultivar (Zincol-2016) were subjected to three zinc treatments: control (no Zn), soil Zn application @ 5 kg Zn ha–1, and foliar application of 0.25% Zn at booting and anthesis stage. Grain Zn concentration varied significantly across treatments and genotypes, with Zincol-2016 and NBW-67 showing the highest efficiency. Soil-applied Zn could not produce significant increases in grain Zn concentration; however, increases of 45% and 47% were recorded with foliar-applied Zn compared to the unfertilized control in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023, respectively. Compared to the control, soil- and foliar-applied Zn significantly reduced phytate concentrations in the grains of all genotypes by 5.3% and 8.7% in 2021–2022, and by 8.7% and 10.5% in 2022–2023, respectively. However, a desired grain phytate: Zn molar ratio of ≤ 15 was achieved only with foliar Zn application, highlighting the significance of foliar fertilization in augmenting Zn bioavailability. Grain yield did not increase significantly with foliar Zn spray. However, soil Zn application resulted in a significant yield increase of 13.2% in 2021–2022 and 11.4% in 2022–2023 relative to the control. In conclusion, while foliar-applied Zn is the most efficient approach for enhancing grain Zn concentrations, soil application proves more effective for achieving higher grain yields.