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<p>Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out using extracts from five plant species: neem (<i>Azadirachta indica</i>), tulsi (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i>), bishkatali (<i>Persicaria lapathifolia</i>), garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>), and ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>). The formation of silver nanoparticles was initially indicated by the appearance of a brown coloration upon mixing the plant extracts with AgNO₃ solution, confirming the reduction of Ag⁺ ions to AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were subsequently characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. UV–Vis spectra exhibited absorption peaks between 420 and 439&#xa0;nm, typical of AgNPs, with bishkatali extract (AgNPs@B) showing the fastest bioreduction. DLS analysis revealed mean particle sizes of 64.48&#xa0;nm (bishkatali), 61.56&#xa0;nm (tulsi), 54.56&#xa0;nm (neem), 200&#xa0;nm (garlic), and 82.93&#xa0;nm (ginger). The zeta potential values ranged from − 17.1 to − 23.4 mV, indicating stable colloidal suspensions. XRD confirmed the face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with crystal sizes of 29.49&#xa0;nm (bishkatali), 19.55&#xa0;nm (tulsi), 12.4&#xa0;nm (neem), 17.4&#xa0;nm (garlic), and 10.6&#xa0;nm (ginger). FTIR spectra suggested the presence of aromatic compounds in AgNPs@B, which may act as reducing and stabilizing agents. SEM images revealed predominantly spherical morphology, while EDX analysis confirmed the elemental composition of silver. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that AgNPs@B, AgNPs@T, AgNPs@N, AgNPs@Ga, and AgNPs@Gi inhibited Rhizoctonia solani mycelial growth by 85.09%, 79.22%, 79.36%, 72.16%, and 77.25%, respectively. AgNPs@B showed superior in vitro antifungal activity and was therefore evaluated under net house conditions, where application at 3 ppm reduced lesion height to 21.26%. These findings highlight that biosynthesized AgNPs, particularly those derived from bishkatali extract, possess strong antifungal activity, suggesting their potential use in sustainable agricultural disease management.</p>

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Biogenically synthesized of five different plant-derived silver nanoparticles as natural weapon against sheath blight disease of rice and its characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月2日

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  • A. K. M. Sahfiqul Islam,
  • Rakibul Hasan,
  • Amina Khaton,
  • Md. Atiqur Rahman Khokon,
  • Mohammad Abdul Latif

摘要

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out using extracts from five plant species: neem (Azadirachta indica), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), bishkatali (Persicaria lapathifolia), garlic (Allium sativum), and ginger (Zingiber officinale). The formation of silver nanoparticles was initially indicated by the appearance of a brown coloration upon mixing the plant extracts with AgNO₃ solution, confirming the reduction of Ag⁺ ions to AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were subsequently characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. UV–Vis spectra exhibited absorption peaks between 420 and 439 nm, typical of AgNPs, with bishkatali extract (AgNPs@B) showing the fastest bioreduction. DLS analysis revealed mean particle sizes of 64.48 nm (bishkatali), 61.56 nm (tulsi), 54.56 nm (neem), 200 nm (garlic), and 82.93 nm (ginger). The zeta potential values ranged from − 17.1 to − 23.4 mV, indicating stable colloidal suspensions. XRD confirmed the face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with crystal sizes of 29.49 nm (bishkatali), 19.55 nm (tulsi), 12.4 nm (neem), 17.4 nm (garlic), and 10.6 nm (ginger). FTIR spectra suggested the presence of aromatic compounds in AgNPs@B, which may act as reducing and stabilizing agents. SEM images revealed predominantly spherical morphology, while EDX analysis confirmed the elemental composition of silver. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that AgNPs@B, AgNPs@T, AgNPs@N, AgNPs@Ga, and AgNPs@Gi inhibited Rhizoctonia solani mycelial growth by 85.09%, 79.22%, 79.36%, 72.16%, and 77.25%, respectively. AgNPs@B showed superior in vitro antifungal activity and was therefore evaluated under net house conditions, where application at 3 ppm reduced lesion height to 21.26%. These findings highlight that biosynthesized AgNPs, particularly those derived from bishkatali extract, possess strong antifungal activity, suggesting their potential use in sustainable agricultural disease management.