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<p>The harmful effects of the broad–spectrum, non–selective herbicide glyphosate on the cytological and physiological aspects of <i>Vigna mungo</i> variety Uttara (IPU-94-1) were studied. Water–soaked seeds were grown in the research field of the Botany Department, University of Lucknow. Twenty-one day old plants were treated with varying concentrations of glyphosate: 0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 4 mM, 6 mM, and 8 mM as a foliar spray using a calibrated sprayer to ensure the uniform droplet distribution. Plants exposed to the highest concentration (8 mM) did not survive. The results revealed that in pollen mother cells (PMCs), the relative abnormality rate (RAR) and chromosomal aberration frequency increased with higher herbicide concentrations, peaking at 6 mM. Observed aberrations included clumping, disorientation, laggards, spindle disorientation, micronuclei, chromosomal bridges, and binucleate cells. While clumping, disorientation, and spindle disorientation occurred in all treatments, the percentage of each aberration varied across treatments. Laggards and micronuclei were found in the 2, 4, and 6 mM treatments. Disorientation was the most frequent aberration, followed by clumping and micronuclei, with chromosomal bridges being the least common, followed by binucleate cells. These abnormalities indicate the mutagenic potential of glyphosate. Seedling growth (fresh and dry weight) was adversely affected as glyphosate concentration increased. Additionally, increasing herbicide concentrations led to a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments, whereas soluble protein content initially increased at lower concentrations and then decreased at 6mM in the leaves of <i>V. mungo</i>. In contrast, proline content increased significantly at higher concentrations (2, 4, and 6 mM). The activities of antioxidant enzymes–catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase–also consistently increased with higher glyphosate concentrations. The results indicate that glyphosate exposure caused significant genotoxic and physiological disturbances in <i>V. mungo</i>, inducing chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and dose-dependent increases in antioxidant enzymes, indicating activation of plant defense mechanisms.</p>

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Exploring the cytophysiological ramifications of glyphosate exposure in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Namrata Singh,
  • Jyoti Bajpai,
  • Pooja Bansal

摘要

The harmful effects of the broad–spectrum, non–selective herbicide glyphosate on the cytological and physiological aspects of Vigna mungo variety Uttara (IPU-94-1) were studied. Water–soaked seeds were grown in the research field of the Botany Department, University of Lucknow. Twenty-one day old plants were treated with varying concentrations of glyphosate: 0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 4 mM, 6 mM, and 8 mM as a foliar spray using a calibrated sprayer to ensure the uniform droplet distribution. Plants exposed to the highest concentration (8 mM) did not survive. The results revealed that in pollen mother cells (PMCs), the relative abnormality rate (RAR) and chromosomal aberration frequency increased with higher herbicide concentrations, peaking at 6 mM. Observed aberrations included clumping, disorientation, laggards, spindle disorientation, micronuclei, chromosomal bridges, and binucleate cells. While clumping, disorientation, and spindle disorientation occurred in all treatments, the percentage of each aberration varied across treatments. Laggards and micronuclei were found in the 2, 4, and 6 mM treatments. Disorientation was the most frequent aberration, followed by clumping and micronuclei, with chromosomal bridges being the least common, followed by binucleate cells. These abnormalities indicate the mutagenic potential of glyphosate. Seedling growth (fresh and dry weight) was adversely affected as glyphosate concentration increased. Additionally, increasing herbicide concentrations led to a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments, whereas soluble protein content initially increased at lower concentrations and then decreased at 6mM in the leaves of V. mungo. In contrast, proline content increased significantly at higher concentrations (2, 4, and 6 mM). The activities of antioxidant enzymes–catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase–also consistently increased with higher glyphosate concentrations. The results indicate that glyphosate exposure caused significant genotoxic and physiological disturbances in V. mungo, inducing chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and dose-dependent increases in antioxidant enzymes, indicating activation of plant defense mechanisms.