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<p>Genetic diversity represents the foundation of plant adaptability, resilience, and long-term survival, making its assessment vital for both conservation and crop improvement. This review emphasizes the studies across wild, cultivated, and underutilized species, highlighting the complementary role of agro-morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers in characterizing intra- and inter-specific genetic variation. Agro-morphological traits, though cost-effective and widely applied, are often influenced by environmental conditions; their integration with molecular markers enhances the reliability of diversity assessments. On the other hand, biochemical markers provide insights into nutritional quality and metabolic efficiency, enriching the understanding of functional diversity. Molecular markers such as RAPD, ISSR, SSR, AFLP, SRAP, SCoT, SCAR, IRAP, and REMAP have proven to be indispensable for generating reproducible, genome-wide data, revealing hidden allelic variation, and enabling marker-assisted breeding. Case studies on diverse plant species demonstrate how integrative marker approaches facilitate germplasm conservation, trait-specific selection, and the development of climate-resilient cultivars. Collectively, the reviewed findings underscore the importance of multi-dimensional diversity assessment in ensuring food security, safeguarding biodiversity, and strengthening crop improvement strategies in the face of global environmental challenges.</p>

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Recent advances in molecular markers in deciphering genetic diversity of wild and crop species for conservation and food security

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Lipsa Pradhan,
  • Priyasmita Parida,
  • Dinesh Pradhan,
  • Giridara Kumar Surabhi

摘要

Genetic diversity represents the foundation of plant adaptability, resilience, and long-term survival, making its assessment vital for both conservation and crop improvement. This review emphasizes the studies across wild, cultivated, and underutilized species, highlighting the complementary role of agro-morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers in characterizing intra- and inter-specific genetic variation. Agro-morphological traits, though cost-effective and widely applied, are often influenced by environmental conditions; their integration with molecular markers enhances the reliability of diversity assessments. On the other hand, biochemical markers provide insights into nutritional quality and metabolic efficiency, enriching the understanding of functional diversity. Molecular markers such as RAPD, ISSR, SSR, AFLP, SRAP, SCoT, SCAR, IRAP, and REMAP have proven to be indispensable for generating reproducible, genome-wide data, revealing hidden allelic variation, and enabling marker-assisted breeding. Case studies on diverse plant species demonstrate how integrative marker approaches facilitate germplasm conservation, trait-specific selection, and the development of climate-resilient cultivars. Collectively, the reviewed findings underscore the importance of multi-dimensional diversity assessment in ensuring food security, safeguarding biodiversity, and strengthening crop improvement strategies in the face of global environmental challenges.