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<p>This study evaluated the seed quality, physiological behavior, and storability of two medicinally important Apocynaceae species—<i>Holarrhena pubescens</i> Wall. ex G. Don and <i>Wrightia tinctoria</i> (Roxb.) R.Br.—to strengthen their propagation and ex situ conservation. Tetrazolium (TZ) viability testing revealed distinct species-specific responses: <i>H. pubescens</i> consistently achieved 100% viability with 0.5% TZ across all staining durations (1–24&#xa0;h), whereas <i>W. tinctoria</i> showed optimal staining at 0.25% TZ between 4 and 24&#xa0;h, reaching up to 97.5% viability. ANOVA indicated highly significant effects of TZ concentration, staining duration, and their interaction (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) for both species. Water imbibition patterns followed the classical triphasic curve. <i>H. pubescens</i> exhibited rapid hydration, with moisture increasing by 146.37% at 2&#xa0;h and peaking at 372.02% at 32&#xa0;h. In contrast, <i>W. tinctoria</i> showed an initial uptake of 73.85% at 6&#xa0;h, a brief fluctuation at 8&#xa0;h, and gradual stabilization at 119.73% by 36&#xa0;h. Neither species exhibited physical or physiological dormancy, confirming their suitability for direct sowing without pre-treatment. Storability assessments indicated orthodox behavior in both taxa. In <i>H. pubescens</i>, germination increased from 88.73% at 7.61% seed moisture to 90.00% after desiccation (5.23%) and further to 95.40% following three months of storage at − 20&#xa0;°C. <i>W. tinctoria</i> similarly maintained high viability, with germination of 91.81% at 10.82% moisture, 88.60% after desiccation (5.16%), and 92.76% after − 20&#xa0;°C storage. Overall, the seeds of both species exhibit high viability, efficient water uptake, and strong tolerance to desiccation and cold storage. The standardized viability, imbibition, and storage protocols developed here provide a robust foundation for large-scale propagation, restoration initiatives, and long-term conservation of <i>H. pubescens</i> and <i>W. tinctoria</i>.</p>

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Seed viability dynamics and storage behavior of two important apocynaceae species Holarrhena pubescens Wall. Ex G. Don and Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br.

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Manish K. Vijay,
  • Deepandra Malviya,
  • Neelu Singh

摘要

This study evaluated the seed quality, physiological behavior, and storability of two medicinally important Apocynaceae species—Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don and Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br.—to strengthen their propagation and ex situ conservation. Tetrazolium (TZ) viability testing revealed distinct species-specific responses: H. pubescens consistently achieved 100% viability with 0.5% TZ across all staining durations (1–24 h), whereas W. tinctoria showed optimal staining at 0.25% TZ between 4 and 24 h, reaching up to 97.5% viability. ANOVA indicated highly significant effects of TZ concentration, staining duration, and their interaction (p < 0.001) for both species. Water imbibition patterns followed the classical triphasic curve. H. pubescens exhibited rapid hydration, with moisture increasing by 146.37% at 2 h and peaking at 372.02% at 32 h. In contrast, W. tinctoria showed an initial uptake of 73.85% at 6 h, a brief fluctuation at 8 h, and gradual stabilization at 119.73% by 36 h. Neither species exhibited physical or physiological dormancy, confirming their suitability for direct sowing without pre-treatment. Storability assessments indicated orthodox behavior in both taxa. In H. pubescens, germination increased from 88.73% at 7.61% seed moisture to 90.00% after desiccation (5.23%) and further to 95.40% following three months of storage at − 20 °C. W. tinctoria similarly maintained high viability, with germination of 91.81% at 10.82% moisture, 88.60% after desiccation (5.16%), and 92.76% after − 20 °C storage. Overall, the seeds of both species exhibit high viability, efficient water uptake, and strong tolerance to desiccation and cold storage. The standardized viability, imbibition, and storage protocols developed here provide a robust foundation for large-scale propagation, restoration initiatives, and long-term conservation of H. pubescens and W. tinctoria.