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<p>Developing heat tolerant rice varieties is imperative for safeguarding global food security against climate change. This study establishes the heat shock protein HSP70 as a key molecular biomarker for heat tolerance by linking its expression dynamics to physiological and agronomic resilience. We evaluated four rice cultivars under heat stress (40 ± 2&#xa0;°C) by analyzing relative membrane permeability (RMP), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and malondialdehyde (MDA) to assess membrane thermostability and oxidative damage, alongside spikelet fertility as a yield component. A novel, integrative metric the Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC) was developed to quantify resilience based on fertility retention under stress. Our results revealed profound genotypic variation. The heat tolerant cultivars (K-95, IR-6) exhibited robust, early induction of HSP70, which correlated strongly with superior membrane stability (RMP &lt; 35%), minimal oxidative damage (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> ~ 30–34 µM/g FW; MDA ≤ 0.6 µM/g FW), and high spikelet fertility retention (82%), resulting in a high HTC (up to 91). In contrast, sensitive cultivars (DR-92, DR-83) showed delayed HSP70 expression, culminating in severe membrane damage (RMP &gt;64%), significant oxidative stress, and a drastic decline in fertility (to 60%), reflected by a low HTC (as low as 65). The HTC effectively integrates molecular, physiological, and agronomic data into a single powerful index for selection. We conclude that early and sustained HSP70 expression is a hallmark of heat tolerance and propose that the HTC provides a robust, practical framework for accelerating the breeding of climate-resilient rice.</p>

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Exploring spikelet fertility and HSP70 expression as indicators of high temperature tolerance in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月9日

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  • Muhammad Kazim Ali,
  • Syed Meesam Raza,
  • Saddia Galani,
  • Yawen Zeng

摘要

Developing heat tolerant rice varieties is imperative for safeguarding global food security against climate change. This study establishes the heat shock protein HSP70 as a key molecular biomarker for heat tolerance by linking its expression dynamics to physiological and agronomic resilience. We evaluated four rice cultivars under heat stress (40 ± 2 °C) by analyzing relative membrane permeability (RMP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) to assess membrane thermostability and oxidative damage, alongside spikelet fertility as a yield component. A novel, integrative metric the Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC) was developed to quantify resilience based on fertility retention under stress. Our results revealed profound genotypic variation. The heat tolerant cultivars (K-95, IR-6) exhibited robust, early induction of HSP70, which correlated strongly with superior membrane stability (RMP < 35%), minimal oxidative damage (H2O2 ~ 30–34 µM/g FW; MDA ≤ 0.6 µM/g FW), and high spikelet fertility retention (82%), resulting in a high HTC (up to 91). In contrast, sensitive cultivars (DR-92, DR-83) showed delayed HSP70 expression, culminating in severe membrane damage (RMP >64%), significant oxidative stress, and a drastic decline in fertility (to 60%), reflected by a low HTC (as low as 65). The HTC effectively integrates molecular, physiological, and agronomic data into a single powerful index for selection. We conclude that early and sustained HSP70 expression is a hallmark of heat tolerance and propose that the HTC provides a robust, practical framework for accelerating the breeding of climate-resilient rice.