<p>Light stress poses a significant threat to rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), one of the world’s most vital food crops, impacting its growth and yield. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in plants, modulating gene expression in response to various environmental stresses, including fluctuations in light conditions. This review delves into the mechanisms by which miRNAs enhance light stress resilience in rice, focusing on their roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Light stress, characterized by changes in light intensity and quality, leads to oxidative damage and reduced photosynthetic efficiency, challenging rice productivity. We reviewed the intricate processes of miRNA biogenesis and regulation during light stress, highlighting specific miRNAs that play pivotal roles in light signaling pathways. Additionally, we explored the interaction between miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs), which orchestrate plant responses to light stress, as well as the crosstalk between miRNAs and hormonal pathways that facilitate adaptive responses. By understanding these regulatory networks, we aim to inform strategies for improving light stress tolerance in rice through genetic and breeding approaches. Ultimately, this review contributes valuable insights into the potential of miRNAs as targets for enhancing crop resilience, supporting sustainable agricultural practices and food security in the face of changing environmental conditions.</p>