Background Under variable weather conditions, the concept of thermal time decides the duration of every phenological phase; consequently, crop maturity varies. Thus, knowledge of the occurrence of phenophases based on the thermal units helps farmers carry out various management practices at the right time for better crop growth. To explore it further, as well as to investigate the influence of five integrated nutrient management (INM) levels (N1: 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), N2: 75% RDF + 3t/ha Farm Yard Manure (FYM), N3: 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost, N4: N2 + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4, N5: N3 + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4) on different agro-meteorological indices [growing degree day (GDD), helio-thermal unit (HTU), photo-thermal unit (PTU), photo temperature (TPhoto), nycto temperature (TNycto), and inter-diurnal temperature range (TIDR)] of three soybean varieties (V1: PS 1225, V2: YEZIN 15, V3: PS 24), a field experiment was executed at Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India, during monsoon seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was placed in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Results Soybean variety PS 1225 grown with applying 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4 was least to attain phenophases and accumulated greater GDD (1933.1, 1952.7 Day °C), HTU (9695.0, 9132.3 Day °C hours), PTU (24,826.1, 24,821.5 Day °C hours), TPhoto (3343.0, 3421.2 °C), TNycto (2763.3, 2746.1 °C), and TIDR (1159.9, 1352.3 °C), while Myanmar variety YEZIN 15 was the lowest to accumulate these agro-meteorological indices. However, PS 24 under the same nutrient management level registered the highest thermal use efficiencies (heat use efficiency (HUE): 4.28, 4.05 kg/ha/day °C, helio-thermal use efficiency (HTUE): 0.87, 0.89 kg/ha/day °C hours, photo-thermal use efficiency (PTUE): 0.33 and 0.32 kg/ha/day °C hours, photo temperature use efficiency (TPhotoUE): 2.48, 2.31 kg/ha/°C, nycto temperature use efficiency (TNyctoUE): 2.99, 2.88 kg/ha/°C) in two consecutive years of experiment. This treatment combination was best in terms of seed yield and total biomass production. Conclusion The finding suggests cultivation of the Indian variety PS 24 using the integrated application of 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4 for achieving high thermal use efficiencies and productivity in the east Indian conditions.

Influence of integrated nutrient management on agro-meteorological indices in cultivation of soybean (Glycine max L.) varieties of West Bengal

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2025年2月19日

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Saikat Biswas,
Rupa Das,
Lay Lay Nwe,
Dhananjoy Dutta

摘要

Background

Under variable weather conditions, the concept of thermal time decides the duration of every phenological phase; consequently, crop maturity varies. Thus, knowledge of the occurrence of phenophases based on the thermal units helps farmers carry out various management practices at the right time for better crop growth. To explore it further, as well as to investigate the influence of five integrated nutrient management (INM) levels (N₁: 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), N₂: 75% RDF + 3t/ha Farm Yard Manure (FYM), N₃: 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost, N₄: N₂ + 25 kg/ha ZnSO₄, N₅: N₃ + 25 kg/ha ZnSO₄) on different agro-meteorological indices [growing degree day (GDD), helio-thermal unit (HTU), photo-thermal unit (PTU), photo temperature (T_Photo), nycto temperature (T_Nycto), and inter-diurnal temperature range (T_IDR)] of three soybean varieties (V₁: PS 1225, V₂: YEZIN 15, V₃: PS 24), a field experiment was executed at Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India, during monsoon seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was placed in a factorial randomized block design with three replications.

Results

Soybean variety PS 1225 grown with applying 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost + 25 kg/ha ZnSO₄ was least to attain phenophases and accumulated greater GDD (1933.1, 1952.7 Day °C), HTU (9695.0, 9132.3 Day °C hours), PTU (24,826.1, 24,821.5 Day °C hours), T_Photo (3343.0, 3421.2 °C), T_Nycto (2763.3, 2746.1 °C), and T_IDR (1159.9, 1352.3 °C), while Myanmar variety YEZIN 15 was the lowest to accumulate these agro-meteorological indices. However, PS 24 under the same nutrient management level registered the highest thermal use efficiencies (heat use efficiency (HUE): 4.28, 4.05 kg/ha/day °C, helio-thermal use efficiency (HTUE): 0.87, 0.89 kg/ha/day °C hours, photo-thermal use efficiency (PTUE): 0.33 and 0.32 kg/ha/day °C hours, photo temperature use efficiency (T_PhotoUE): 2.48, 2.31 kg/ha/°C, nycto temperature use efficiency (T_NyctoUE): 2.99, 2.88 kg/ha/°C) in two consecutive years of experiment. This treatment combination was best in terms of seed yield and total biomass production.

Conclusion

The finding suggests cultivation of the Indian variety PS 24 using the integrated application of 75% RDF + 1.5 t/ha vermicompost + 25 kg/ha ZnSO₄ for achieving high thermal use efficiencies and productivity in the east Indian conditions.