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<p>Agro-waste-derived nanomaterials have gained attention due to their sustainability and multifunctionality. In this study, coffee leaf infusion (CLI), an agro-industrial waste extract, was used for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (CLI-AuNPs). The process yielded stable spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 9.1 ± 2.0&#xa0;nm and a zeta potential of − 37.1 ± 4.0 mV. FTIR analysis confirmed the role of CLI phytochemicals in Au³⁺ reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. The CLI-AuNPs showed enhanced antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 483.15&#xa0;µg/mL) compared to CLI (IC₅₀ = 686.25&#xa0;µg/mL), along with intracellular ROS modulation indicating context-dependent antioxidant/pro-oxidant behavior. The CLI-AuNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, with a maximum inhibition zone of 18.4 ± 1.0&#xa0;mm at 16&#xa0;µg/mL. MIC and MBC values ranged from 10 to 15&#xa0;µg/mL. SEM and EDS analyses confirmed bacterial membrane disruption and structural damage. Overall, CLI-AuNPs represent a simple waste-to-wealth platform for stable, biofunctional gold nanoparticles with promising antioxidant and antibacterial applications.</p>

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A waste to wealth strategy for developing antioxidant and antibacterial gold nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Harsha Haridas Ellathveettil Swamynathan,
  • Megha Radhakrishnan,
  • Abdul Bari Kattukandathil,
  • Ravi Varma Mundakkara Kovilakam,
  • Goutam Kumar Chandra

摘要

Agro-waste-derived nanomaterials have gained attention due to their sustainability and multifunctionality. In this study, coffee leaf infusion (CLI), an agro-industrial waste extract, was used for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (CLI-AuNPs). The process yielded stable spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 9.1 ± 2.0 nm and a zeta potential of − 37.1 ± 4.0 mV. FTIR analysis confirmed the role of CLI phytochemicals in Au³⁺ reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. The CLI-AuNPs showed enhanced antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 483.15 µg/mL) compared to CLI (IC₅₀ = 686.25 µg/mL), along with intracellular ROS modulation indicating context-dependent antioxidant/pro-oxidant behavior. The CLI-AuNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, with a maximum inhibition zone of 18.4 ± 1.0 mm at 16 µg/mL. MIC and MBC values ranged from 10 to 15 µg/mL. SEM and EDS analyses confirmed bacterial membrane disruption and structural damage. Overall, CLI-AuNPs represent a simple waste-to-wealth platform for stable, biofunctional gold nanoparticles with promising antioxidant and antibacterial applications.