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<p>Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is environmentally friendly, simple, and cost-effective and due to their unique physical and chemical properties, they have gained much attention in biomedical applications. The use of an aqueous plant extract that serves as both a reducing and stabilizing agent for AgNPs is considered natural and reliable method of treating diseases. In this study we have produced AgNPs using an aqueous extract of <i>Tragopogon dubius</i>, a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat rheumatism and burns, heal wounds, and prevent stomach ulcers, bleeding, strengthen the stomach wall and used in improvement of fatty liver with no evident side effects etc. The synthesized silver nanoparticles from <i>Tragopogon dubius</i> (AQTd-AgNPs) through UV-VIS spectroscopy and XRD analysis indicated suitable nucleation, stable absorbance peak, and appropriate reduction into nanoparticle formation. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) confirmed hydrodynamic diameter size distribution of ~ 184.95&#xa0;nm in colloidal solution with a polydispersity index below 0.253 while average zeta potential was recorded as -16.9 mV indicating a negatively charged surface. FESEM analysis revealed spherical shaped particles with average particle sizes of 16.86&#xa0;nm. The HRTEM images using ImageJ software, yielding an average size of 14.48&#xa0;nm. The investigations for cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines demonstrated that AQTd-AgNPs possess potent anticancer properties towards MCF-7 (GI50 = 75.69&#xa0;µg/mL), HCT-116 (GI50 = 61.71&#xa0;µg/mL), and HeLa (GI50 = 52.75&#xa0;µg/mL) respectively. The fluorescence microscopy observations indicated that AQTd-AgNPs induced apoptotic effects by disrupting nuclear integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of cancer cells.The findings presented the first reports for systematically synthesizing silver nanoparticles from <i>T. dubius</i> aqueous extract with controlled optimization parameters for reproducible nanoparticle formation and demonstration of anticancer activity across different cancer cell lines revealed possible broad therapeutic potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles of <i>Tragopogon dubius</i> in cancer chemoprevention.</p>

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Process optimization for the green synthesis of Tragopogon dubius extract silver nanoparticles and investigating its anticancer activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Sheikh Showkat Ahmad,
  • Aaditya Mahajan,
  • Chandni -,
  • Tariq Ahmad Mir,
  • Satwinderjeet Kaur

摘要

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is environmentally friendly, simple, and cost-effective and due to their unique physical and chemical properties, they have gained much attention in biomedical applications. The use of an aqueous plant extract that serves as both a reducing and stabilizing agent for AgNPs is considered natural and reliable method of treating diseases. In this study we have produced AgNPs using an aqueous extract of Tragopogon dubius, a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat rheumatism and burns, heal wounds, and prevent stomach ulcers, bleeding, strengthen the stomach wall and used in improvement of fatty liver with no evident side effects etc. The synthesized silver nanoparticles from Tragopogon dubius (AQTd-AgNPs) through UV-VIS spectroscopy and XRD analysis indicated suitable nucleation, stable absorbance peak, and appropriate reduction into nanoparticle formation. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) confirmed hydrodynamic diameter size distribution of ~ 184.95 nm in colloidal solution with a polydispersity index below 0.253 while average zeta potential was recorded as -16.9 mV indicating a negatively charged surface. FESEM analysis revealed spherical shaped particles with average particle sizes of 16.86 nm. The HRTEM images using ImageJ software, yielding an average size of 14.48 nm. The investigations for cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines demonstrated that AQTd-AgNPs possess potent anticancer properties towards MCF-7 (GI50 = 75.69 µg/mL), HCT-116 (GI50 = 61.71 µg/mL), and HeLa (GI50 = 52.75 µg/mL) respectively. The fluorescence microscopy observations indicated that AQTd-AgNPs induced apoptotic effects by disrupting nuclear integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of cancer cells.The findings presented the first reports for systematically synthesizing silver nanoparticles from T. dubius aqueous extract with controlled optimization parameters for reproducible nanoparticle formation and demonstration of anticancer activity across different cancer cell lines revealed possible broad therapeutic potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles of Tragopogon dubius in cancer chemoprevention.