<p>This review systematically summarizes recent advances (2019–2025) in electrochemical benzylicic C–H oxidation for the synthesis of benzylic ketones/aldehydes, emphasizing sustainable methodologies. The article critically evaluates both direct (e.g., TBHP/O₂/H₂O-mediated) and indirect (e.g., NHPI/metal-catalyzed) approaches, highlighting their atom economy and mild reaction conditions. Key applications in pharmaceutical late-stage functionalization, such as the synthesis of fenbufen and other bioactive molecules, are discussed. Despite significant progress, challenges including limited substrate scope, mechanistic ambiguities, and regiocontrol issues persist. Emerging strategies such as AI-assisted catalyst design, novel mediator systems (e.g., cobalt/nickel complexes), and flow electrosynthesis are proposed to address these limitations. The comprehensive analysis bridges fundamental research and industrial implementation, offering valuable insights for developing practical and green electrochemical transformations in organic synthesis.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>