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Background <p>SARS-CoV-2 affected all age groups around the globe. However, children were considered to be least affected because of their non-alarming clinical picture. This study was aimed to check the true incidence of COVID- 19 in children regardless of their symptoms in a Hospital Setting. </p> Methodology <p>This retrospective study was conducted at Provincial Public Health Reference Lab Lahore on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples obtained from 21,562 children, regardless of symptoms, during October 2020 to September 2023 from Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Gene expression analysis of COVID-19 specific genes Envelop (E), Nucleocapsid (N) and Open Reading Frame (ORFA/B) was done using Real Time PCR. Data obtained was categorized into age groups as 0–1, 2–5, 6–10, and 11–18&#xa0;years for both genders and analyzed using SPSS 20 to determine positivity rate among children during each wave.</p> Results <p>A collective positivity of 6.5% was observed among 21,562 samples with highest number of cases 8.3% reported during 5th wave. Children of 2–5&#xa0;year age group showed highest incidence of 3.39% during 5th wave, and 6–10&#xa0;year age group were most commonly affected post fifth wave with highest incidence of 3%. Among 11–18&#xa0;years children, the highest positivity 2.11% was observed during 3rd wave. Children underlying 0-1&#xa0;year age group were least affected from COVID-19.</p> Conclusion <p>Children were mostly infected during 5th wave followed by 6th, 3rd, 4th and 2nd waves respectively with the age group of 6–10 showing the highest rate of positivity of 3% even after the COVID-19 pandemic officially ended. </p>

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A comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 infection among children across five waves

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月12日

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  • Hasnain Javed,
  • Sammar Naveed,
  • Muhammad Daood Khan,
  • Mateen Jabbar,
  • Hassan Ali Mujhtaba,
  • Fasihat ul Ain,
  • Ayaz Ahmad,
  • Samia Akhtar

摘要

Background

SARS-CoV-2 affected all age groups around the globe. However, children were considered to be least affected because of their non-alarming clinical picture. This study was aimed to check the true incidence of COVID- 19 in children regardless of their symptoms in a Hospital Setting.

Methodology

This retrospective study was conducted at Provincial Public Health Reference Lab Lahore on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples obtained from 21,562 children, regardless of symptoms, during October 2020 to September 2023 from Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Gene expression analysis of COVID-19 specific genes Envelop (E), Nucleocapsid (N) and Open Reading Frame (ORFA/B) was done using Real Time PCR. Data obtained was categorized into age groups as 0–1, 2–5, 6–10, and 11–18 years for both genders and analyzed using SPSS 20 to determine positivity rate among children during each wave.

Results

A collective positivity of 6.5% was observed among 21,562 samples with highest number of cases 8.3% reported during 5th wave. Children of 2–5 year age group showed highest incidence of 3.39% during 5th wave, and 6–10 year age group were most commonly affected post fifth wave with highest incidence of 3%. Among 11–18 years children, the highest positivity 2.11% was observed during 3rd wave. Children underlying 0-1 year age group were least affected from COVID-19.

Conclusion

Children were mostly infected during 5th wave followed by 6th, 3rd, 4th and 2nd waves respectively with the age group of 6–10 showing the highest rate of positivity of 3% even after the COVID-19 pandemic officially ended.