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<p>Flaviviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), are significant public health threats in Africa due to their potential to cause severe neurological conditions. Despite recent outbreaks, the region has limited epidemiological and evolutionary data on these viruses. This study aimed to critically and systematically review the available literature on serological and molecular epidemiology of WNV, JEV and TBEV from 2004 to 2024 and examined the phylogenetic relatedness of the African virus strain from 1937 to 2018. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched, and 61 articles were identified: WNV (n = 54), TBEV (n = 5), and JEV (n = 2). Using a random-effects meta-analysis model, we estimated the frequency-weighted seroprevalence WNV in humans and animals to be 17.96% (95% CI 12.50, 24.13), with a peak rate of 55% in humans (Egypt) and 93.28% in horses (Nigeria). Phylogenetic analyses of 54 WNV, one JEV, and one TBEV genomes revealed that lineage 2 WNV&#xa0;was implicated in most outbreaks in Africa. These findings reinforced the need to strengthen WNV, JEV, and TBEV surveillance through a One Health and host ecological lens to improve preparedness for potential outbreaks in Africa.</p>

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Serological and molecular epidemiology of West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola,
  • Favour Akinfemi Ajibade,
  • Delower Hossain,
  • Anyebe Bernard Onoja,
  • Sheriff Tunde Agbaje,
  • Olalekan Chris Akinsulie,
  • Adetolase Azizat Bakre,
  • Oyelola A. Adegboye,
  • Andrew Musa Adamu

摘要

Flaviviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), are significant public health threats in Africa due to their potential to cause severe neurological conditions. Despite recent outbreaks, the region has limited epidemiological and evolutionary data on these viruses. This study aimed to critically and systematically review the available literature on serological and molecular epidemiology of WNV, JEV and TBEV from 2004 to 2024 and examined the phylogenetic relatedness of the African virus strain from 1937 to 2018. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched, and 61 articles were identified: WNV (n = 54), TBEV (n = 5), and JEV (n = 2). Using a random-effects meta-analysis model, we estimated the frequency-weighted seroprevalence WNV in humans and animals to be 17.96% (95% CI 12.50, 24.13), with a peak rate of 55% in humans (Egypt) and 93.28% in horses (Nigeria). Phylogenetic analyses of 54 WNV, one JEV, and one TBEV genomes revealed that lineage 2 WNV was implicated in most outbreaks in Africa. These findings reinforced the need to strengthen WNV, JEV, and TBEV surveillance through a One Health and host ecological lens to improve preparedness for potential outbreaks in Africa.