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<p>Understanding the effects of seasonality on baboons’ daily movements and group sizes is essential for management and conservation. In this study, two species of baboons (<i>Papio cynocephalus</i> and <i>Papio anubis</i>) were followed on foot from 06:00 a.m. before they left their sleeping site, until they reached a sleeping site around 06:30–7:00 p.m. The study hypotheses were; (1) Seasonal variation will influence baboons’ daily travel distance and group sizes. (2) Baboons’ daily travel distance and group sizes will vary across the study species. From the two hypotheses, the study predictions were; (1) Baboons would increase their daily travel distances during the dry season. (2) Baboons’ group sizes would be reduced in the dry season. (3) The two baboon species would vary in their daily travel distances and group sizes across seasons. During data collection, baboon troops were followed and distance travelled daily was recorded continuously by using hand-held GPS during the wet and dry seasons. Results showed that baboons travelled significantly higher daily average distances in the dry season (3.01 ± 0.069&#xa0;km) than in the wet season (1.06 ± 0.031&#xa0;km). Across species, olive baboons travelled higher distances than yellow baboons for both seasons; olive baboons (3.27 ± 0.06&#xa0;km) dry season and (1.17 ± 0.04&#xa0;km) wet season, yellow baboons (2.76 ± 0.08&#xa0;km) dry season and (0.95 ± 0.02&#xa0;km) wet season. The average baboon group sizes were significantly larger in the wet season (16 baboons) than in the dry season (9 baboons). Olive baboons had larger group sizes (18 and 11) than yellow baboons (14 and 7) for both seasons. Thus, seasonal variation was associated with differences in daily movements and group sizes. These results have implications for conservation efforts to develop strategies in wildlife management across baboon distribution both inside and outside reserves.</p>

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Effects of seasonality on baboons’ (Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis) daily movement patterns and group sizes in semi-arid environment at Swagaswaga game reserve, Tanzania

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Flora Felix Manyama

摘要

Understanding the effects of seasonality on baboons’ daily movements and group sizes is essential for management and conservation. In this study, two species of baboons (Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis) were followed on foot from 06:00 a.m. before they left their sleeping site, until they reached a sleeping site around 06:30–7:00 p.m. The study hypotheses were; (1) Seasonal variation will influence baboons’ daily travel distance and group sizes. (2) Baboons’ daily travel distance and group sizes will vary across the study species. From the two hypotheses, the study predictions were; (1) Baboons would increase their daily travel distances during the dry season. (2) Baboons’ group sizes would be reduced in the dry season. (3) The two baboon species would vary in their daily travel distances and group sizes across seasons. During data collection, baboon troops were followed and distance travelled daily was recorded continuously by using hand-held GPS during the wet and dry seasons. Results showed that baboons travelled significantly higher daily average distances in the dry season (3.01 ± 0.069 km) than in the wet season (1.06 ± 0.031 km). Across species, olive baboons travelled higher distances than yellow baboons for both seasons; olive baboons (3.27 ± 0.06 km) dry season and (1.17 ± 0.04 km) wet season, yellow baboons (2.76 ± 0.08 km) dry season and (0.95 ± 0.02 km) wet season. The average baboon group sizes were significantly larger in the wet season (16 baboons) than in the dry season (9 baboons). Olive baboons had larger group sizes (18 and 11) than yellow baboons (14 and 7) for both seasons. Thus, seasonal variation was associated with differences in daily movements and group sizes. These results have implications for conservation efforts to develop strategies in wildlife management across baboon distribution both inside and outside reserves.