Sustainable formulation of PEGylated zinc oxide nanoparticles to enhance plant growth and combat bacterial pathogens
摘要
This study investigates the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) doping on the plant growth promotion efficacy and antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized from leaves of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Highly stable PEG-doped ZnONPs were synthesized using environmentally friendly principles. Characterization techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), clearly demonstrated the nanoparticles’ high crystallinity, nanoscale size, and significant interactions between functional groups and PEG. PEGylated ZnONPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with a percentage increase of 34.52%, 48.88%, 34.14%, 27.27%, 50% respectively, compared to ZnONPs against pathogenic strains such as E. coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus, as demonstrated through in vitro bacterial susceptibility testing. The efficacy of PEGylated ZnONPs in promoting plant growth was evaluated by measuring seedling emergence rate, shoot length enhancement, and overall foliage density in Phaseolus lunatus L. and Vigna unguiculata L. These nanoparticles promoted maximum seed germination rates and significantly enhanced shoot length and foliage density, indicating noteworthy plant growth promotion efficacy.