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<p>High-altitude Bactrian camels (double-hump) are in limited numbers and become a vulnerable species of high-altitude livestock biodiversity. These camels are an important livestock resource, contributing as an integral part of the animal husbandry-based livelihood of agrarian society in the upper Himalayan Mountains of the Leh-Ladakh region of India. There is no standardised methods supported with scientific study for feeding, husbandry, or health management, so the welfare and conservation efforts of this unique animal resource, which is well adapted to hypobaric-hypoxia and extreme temperature, are limited. Furthermore, people prefer loading and riding male camels over female ones, although there is no study to support this preference and gender-based variation in physiological, biochemical, phenotypic (body measurement), and performance parameters in the Bactrian camels of high altitude. Therefore, the current investigations were done to evaluate comparative sexual dimorphism in various parameters of phenotypic measurement, physiological responses, hematological, and biochemical indices in four adult Bactrian camels of each sex from the high-altitude region. The findings revealed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher body length and body circumference in males than in females. There was no variation in physiological responses between the sexes. Interestingly, significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher platelet count was recorded in the male Bactrian camel than the female, whereas other haematologically parameters were not significantly different between the sexes. Similarly, the values of albumin, total protein, and HDL were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher in the male than the female camels. These findings suggested sexual dimorphism in some parameters of hematological, biochemical, and phenotypic (body measurement) characteristics in high-altitude Bactrian camels, which could be the basis of better endurance work performance of male Bactrian camels while both sexes exhibit comparable physiological stability under high-altitude conditions. This study findings will also be a reference baseline data for future studies on Bactrian camels and useful for their scientific management of health and welfare in high-altitude regions.</p>

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Sexual dimorphism in morphological, physio-biochemical, and haematological characteristics of high-altitude Bactrian camels

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Vijay K. Bharti,
  • Dolker Lamo,
  • Zarina Batool,
  • Krishna Kumar,
  • Thinley Chospal,
  • Swati,
  • Om Prakash Chaurasia

摘要

High-altitude Bactrian camels (double-hump) are in limited numbers and become a vulnerable species of high-altitude livestock biodiversity. These camels are an important livestock resource, contributing as an integral part of the animal husbandry-based livelihood of agrarian society in the upper Himalayan Mountains of the Leh-Ladakh region of India. There is no standardised methods supported with scientific study for feeding, husbandry, or health management, so the welfare and conservation efforts of this unique animal resource, which is well adapted to hypobaric-hypoxia and extreme temperature, are limited. Furthermore, people prefer loading and riding male camels over female ones, although there is no study to support this preference and gender-based variation in physiological, biochemical, phenotypic (body measurement), and performance parameters in the Bactrian camels of high altitude. Therefore, the current investigations were done to evaluate comparative sexual dimorphism in various parameters of phenotypic measurement, physiological responses, hematological, and biochemical indices in four adult Bactrian camels of each sex from the high-altitude region. The findings revealed (p < 0.05) higher body length and body circumference in males than in females. There was no variation in physiological responses between the sexes. Interestingly, significantly (p < 0.05) higher platelet count was recorded in the male Bactrian camel than the female, whereas other haematologically parameters were not significantly different between the sexes. Similarly, the values of albumin, total protein, and HDL were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the male than the female camels. These findings suggested sexual dimorphism in some parameters of hematological, biochemical, and phenotypic (body measurement) characteristics in high-altitude Bactrian camels, which could be the basis of better endurance work performance of male Bactrian camels while both sexes exhibit comparable physiological stability under high-altitude conditions. This study findings will also be a reference baseline data for future studies on Bactrian camels and useful for their scientific management of health and welfare in high-altitude regions.