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<p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex molecular mechanism, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. While current therapies primarily address symptomatic relief, emerging research aims to identify disease-modifying strategies. Among these, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained attention for their regulatory roles in AD pathogenesis. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying AD and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ncRNA. lncRNAs such as NEAT1, SOX21-AS1 and BACE1-AS modulate gene expression by sponging miRNAs, thereby influencing key pathways involved in Tau phosphorylation, Aβ metabolism, and neuroinflammatory signalling. Concurrently, miRNAs including miR-124, miR-107, and miR-132 show promise as biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease progression, whereas miR-125b and miR-146a are linked to inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, offering potential therapeutic targets. By elucidating the interplay between lncRNAs and miRNAs, this review underscores the importance of ncRNA-based strategies in advancing precision diagnostics and developing novel interventions for AD.</p>

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Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Omar Kashif,
  • Mohamed Said

摘要

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex molecular mechanism, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. While current therapies primarily address symptomatic relief, emerging research aims to identify disease-modifying strategies. Among these, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained attention for their regulatory roles in AD pathogenesis. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying AD and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ncRNA. lncRNAs such as NEAT1, SOX21-AS1 and BACE1-AS modulate gene expression by sponging miRNAs, thereby influencing key pathways involved in Tau phosphorylation, Aβ metabolism, and neuroinflammatory signalling. Concurrently, miRNAs including miR-124, miR-107, and miR-132 show promise as biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease progression, whereas miR-125b and miR-146a are linked to inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, offering potential therapeutic targets. By elucidating the interplay between lncRNAs and miRNAs, this review underscores the importance of ncRNA-based strategies in advancing precision diagnostics and developing novel interventions for AD.